critical
perspectives
on
Southern
Africa


EDITORS:
Bill Freund, Gerhard Mar6, Mike Morris (University of Natal),
John Daniel, Vishnu Padayachee (University of Durban-Westville)
CORRESPONDING EDITORS:
Colin Bundy (University of the Western-Cape), Stephen Gelb, Shireen Hassim (Univer-
sity of Durban-Westville), Peter Hudson, Debbie Posel (University of the Wit-
watersrand), David Kaplan, Dave Lewis, Mary Simons (University of Cape Town),
Francie Lund, Nic Amin (University of Natal), Mala Singh (CSD).
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATE EDITORS:
Henry Bernstein (SOAS, University of London), Gillian Hart (University of Califor-
nia, Berkeley), Mahmood Mamdani (Centre of Basic Research, Kampala), Martin
Murray (SUNY Binghamton), Dan O'Meara (University de Quebec a Montreal),
Terence Ranger (University of Oxford), John Saul (York University), Elling N
Tj0nneland (Christian Michelsen Institute, Norway), Gavin Williams (University of
Oxford).
LAYOUT BY: Rob Evans
PUBLICATION GUIDELINES:
We ask contributors to submit two (2) typed copies, following the format (on such
issues as references and notes) of articles in this issue of TRANSFORMATION.
Whilst the journal will cater for work at any level of abstraction, or detail, a number of
criteria will guide the editors in selection of material for inclusion. Articles should aim
for academic rigour but also clarify the political implications of the issues discussed. We
are concerned not to compete with other South African journals that may cover related
ground but in different ways - this will govern our selection principles. All articles will
be assessed anonymously by the referees. Contributions should preferably not exceed
the following lengths:
Analytical articles: 7 000 words
Debates and review articles: 3 000 words
The views expressed in TRANSFORMATION do not necessarily reflect those of
the editors.
     EDITORIAL AND CONTRIBUTIONS ADDRESS:
     TRANSFORMATION,
     c/o Economic History Department
     University of Natal
     Private Bag X10, Dalbridge
     4014 Durban South Africa
     Email: transfor@mtb.und.ac.za
    SUBSCRIPTIONS RATES AND ADDRESS AT THE BACK OF THIS ISSUE.
                                     ISSN: 0258 - 7696


TRANS                                                  28            1995
 FORM
ATION
CONTENTS
Articles
IMPROVING MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE
IN SOUTH AFRICA: A CONTRARY VIEW
     TREVOR BELL undertakes a critique of the analytical foundations
     and policy recommendations of the Industrial Strategy Project Report,
     and proposes an explanation for deteriorating manufacturing
     performance in South Africa which places greater emphasis on
     macro-economic factors.
CHANGING CITIES: GLOBAL ECONOMICS, URBAN                                   35
RESTRUCTURING AND PLANNING RESPONSE
     Partnerships and networking, rather than traditional planning
     approaches, PHILLIP HARRISON argues, may offer a more
     meaningful response to urban restructuring in the context of growing
     global-local linkages.
 REPRESSIVE AND RESTITUTORY SANCTIONS IN THE                               51
 TOWNSHIPS: THE SOCIAL ORIGINS OF THE DIFFERENT
 FORMS OF PUNISHMENT IN THE PEOPLE'S COURTS
      THOKOZANI XABA, by drawing a distinction between restitutory
      and repressive justice, discusses "people's courts' in order to make
      suggestions about a new system of justice in South Africa.


Debate
THREE GENERATIONS OF AFRICAN                                           75
ACADEMICS: A NOTE
     THANDIKA MKANDAWIRE presents a profile of three
     generations of African academics which examines their response to
     changing economic, political and academic circumstances both within
     their countries and abroad.
REGIONAL SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA                                    84
IN THE 1990S: CHALLENGING THE TERMS OF
THE NEO-REALIST DEBATE
     In this contribution PETER VALE and JOHN DANIEL take on the
     arguments of the ^neo-realists' in military policy formulation in
     post-apartheid South Africa.
Reviews
LABOUR AND THE TRANSITION:                                              94
A SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY
     DAVID GINSBURG et al's Taking Democracy Seriously ;\s reviewed
     by RONALDO MUNCK
REVIEW                                                                  97
     WILLIAM BEINART's Twentieth Century South Afnca is reviewed by
     KEITH BRECKENRIDGE.