UTAFITI Journal of the Faculty of Arts and Social Science, University of Dar es Salaam Chief Editor: Y. Tandon Associate Editors: G. Mmari, G. Kamenju Editorial Committee: Ms. R..Besha, J. Depelchin P. Masanja, F. Senkoro A. Mascarenhas, R. Mabele D. Rwegasira S. Wangwe Mrs. A. Moshi (Duso representative) Editorial Assistants: Mrs. N. Mpesha, Mrs. A. Mankidy Price: 20 T. shillings Annual Subscription: Institutions outside Third WorId countries $ 15 Individuals outside Third WorId countries $ 10 Third WorId countries T Shs. 40 or equivalent The payment of subscriptions should be made in favour of the Bursar, University of Dar es Salaam UTAFITI Vol. 2 No.2 1977 CON TEN T S Page Introduction ••••••.•.•.••......•.•....•.••.•...•..••..••••.. 147 The Changing I mage of the U. S •A. in Africa A.J. Temu •••..................•.......•.....••.•..•..• 151 Education and University Must Serve the Majority of Kenyans: A Preliminary Critique of the University Education, Culture and Writers in Kenya Kenyan Students Against Imperialist Education •.•••...•..• 163 The Mystification of African History: A Critique of Rodney's How Europe Underdeveloped Africa G •T. Mishambi •••••.••..•..•........•.••.••.....•...•... 201 Portugal's Efforts Towards Neocolonialism E •S. de Ferreira .••.••.•••.••••..••••.••.•••.•.••.•••.. 229 The Lusaka Manifesto Strategy of O.A.U. States anq. its Con- sequences for the Freedom Struggle in So\ottherh Africa N. M. Shamuyarira •••••..••••.•••..•••.••••.••••••.••.•. 247 The MiIitarisation of the Indian Ocean - A Threat to the Lit- toral and Hinterland Nations M.S. Nawaz Dawood •••••.•••••.••.••.•••• 267 Ideology and Liberation in Southern Africa K. Botchwey ..•...... \ ..•.................. 281 Apartheid: A Threat to Peace A. Minty •..•....................•..•.•....•............. 291 Toward The Production of a Materialist Epistemology J. Depelchin ....•.........•.•..•........................• 317 Capitalism and 'Underdevelopment': Radical Critics and Marxist Analysis H. Bernstein .....•.............•....•...•.•............... 345 Review of the Debate on Imperialism, State, Class and the National Question O. OJwok ..........•.........................•............ 371 Utafiti Notes ••............................•.................. 393 401 Bashir Datoo, Port Develo ment in East Africa: S atial Patterns from the Ninth to t e Sixteenth Centuries •••••••••••••••••• ~•••• 407