-V« -w- T IC VERT Site of 1989 Golf S I WKÊÊÊKKÊÊM Western Views O fficial Publication Golfs Premier Irrigation Control Systei R a in ^ B ir d 3400 Jefferson S.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49508............. 616-452-3373 31691 Dequindre, Madison Hts., Ml 48071 .................313-588-2992 22159 Telegraph, Southfield, Ml 48034....................... 313-358-2994 M ichigan T O L L FR E E 8 0 0 /5 4 4 -9 2 1 9 Repeatedly the choice of the world’s leading architects and super­ intendents, MAXI® III from Rain Bird is recognized as golf course irrigation’s most exciting and versatile computerized control system. Sophisticated. Reliable. Powerful. MAXI® III offers state-of-the-art irrigation tech­ nology. An IBM computer, too. Not to mention the ability to handle a wide range of important functions. Lighting—securi­ ty—and a host of other necessary operations. Legends in the making—the great golf courses of tomorrow are being built today. And MAXI® III is there! Controllers. Rotors. 50 years of golf course irrigation experience. Rain Bird — the choice from coast to coast r \ May/June 1989 TURFGRASS INC. 1989 WMGCSA OFFICERS Serving you better with .. Roger Barton.........................................................................................President Blythefield Country Club, Belmont, Michigan 616/363-5945 Fred Pastoor, C .G .C .S.............................................................Vice-President Muskegon Country Club, Muskegon, Michigan 616/759-0694 Keith Paterson, C .G .C .S .............................................. Secretary Treasurer Kent Country Club, Grand Rapids, Michigan 616/363-6728 Kurt Thuemmel, C .G .C .S ................................................. Past President Walnut Hills Country Club, E. Lansing, Michigan 517/332-6060 Directors Paul Schippers Moors Country Club, Portage, Ml 616/323-2680 Paul Richter Spring Lake C.C., Spring Lake, M l 616/842-4840 Peter Ashe, C.G.C.S. Hillsdale C.C., Hillsdale, M l 517/437-7861 Chris Fochtman, C.G.C.S. Green ridge C.C., Grand Rapids, M l 616/784-6597 Douglas Boyle Duck Lake C.C., Albion, Ml 517/629-9015 Tim Dark Mary wood C.C., Battle Creek, M l (616) 962-8784 Editorial Committee Chairman-Advertising..........................................Keith Paterson C.G.C.S. Kent C.C. - 616/363-6728 Advertisers Please patronize them as they have made this newsletter possible. Am turf Seeds Arthur Hills & Associates Benham Chemical C & R Grinding Century Rain Aid D & C Distributors Ellis Sales G ai n o r Grand Rapids Tree Ideal Mower JDX Corporation Jennings Lawn Equipment LESCO Matthews & Sons Miller West Moderna & Son Nor-Am Chemical O.M. Scott Parmenter & Andre Pheiffer Lincoln Raymer Pump Sierra Spartan Distributors Standard Sand Turf Chemical Turf grass Waupaca —1 — Technical information Fungicide programs Free timely delivery ... Quality products Fertilizers Chemicals Seeds Spreaders & Sprayers Golf Supplies The Andersons, Lebanon Country Club, Nitroform, Turfgrass Dupont, Ampel, Ciba-Geigy, W.A. Cleary, Chipco, Daconil, Mobay, Elanco, NAIAD, Dow, Monsanto, Bio Greenskeeper, Agrl Diagnostics, Mallinckrodt, Nor-Am, Riverdale, Pana Sea, Miller, Agri-Plex 4X Northrup King Medalist Turf Products Cyclone, Spyker, Back Pack, Wheely, Spray-Hawk Lewisline, Par Aide, Standard, Fore- Par, Yankee, United Stockmen, Chix, Fox Valley Safety Equipment Mine Safety Equipment Soil Management Grid System, TerraFlow, TerraBond, TerraCover Markers Richway, Blazon 1-313-437-1427 Office Jim Bogart Turfgrass Agronomy 1-800-521-8873 Gene Johanningsmeier (Michigan Only) Turfgrass Agronomy Kimberly Olson Sales Representative WHO RULES THE TURF? * * Who has 30 horsepower? Who has a water cooled engine? Who has the least breakdowns? who has a lift bed that also dumps? Who has the most sophisticated PTO? Who has the largest cargo bed? Who has fold down sides? Who has 4 wheel drive? Who will save you money? THE KING OF COURSE! P fe iffe r Lincoln M ercury Daihatsu 2424 28th Street, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49508 (616) 949-7800 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Roger Barton I played two great new golf courses in Western Michigan that I’d like to tell you about. On May 1, we had a Western Michigan meeting at Timber Ridge in East Lansing, just north of Walnut Hills. Jerry Matthews designed this outstanding track. The course makes you feel as though you are playing up north. It is cut out of the pine trees and has a very nice design. Bill Fountain, Superintendent, had the course in very nice condition. Charles Scott dedicated his new golf course, Stonehedge, on June 9. This course has a unique design. It is cut out of the woods, with bentgrass fairways and a great bunker design. If you haven’t played these two golf courses, I would suggest you do so soon. You will love them. Cascade Hills Country Club hosted our golf day on June 19.1 would like to thank Don Fritz, our host, for his hard work. We had a lot of rain, so some of the rounds were rained out, but the food was great and we raised $6,000.00 for the Michigan Turfgrass Foundation Research Fund. Also, I would like to thank Chris Fochtman for co-hosting the afternoon round at Green Ridge Country Club. On behalf of the Western Michigan Board of Directors, I would like to thank our suppliers for their donations and help in making this a great day. Paul Richter, chairman of Golf Day, and his committee made the day successful. Thank you, Paul. I wish everyone good luck with your turfgrass and with the weather. Sincerely, Roger Barton Blythefield Country Club IMAGINE A GOLF COURSE WITHOUT TREES PROTECT YOUR AVAILABLE TREES THROUGH Proper Care Lightening Protection Large Tree Pruning Tree Removals Distributors for: Mauget Tree Injectors Terra-Sorb Moisturizer & Mauget Tree Injectors control Dutch Elm Disease, Bronze Birch Borer, Diplodia Tip Blight on pines, Cytospora Canker on Spruce and nutrient deficiencies. —3— FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL Bob Kelly Home:(616) 453-6652 STANDARD SAND CORPORATION TOPDRESSING SAND 2150 USA Sieve 20 30 40 50 60 70 100 140 200 270 PAN MM .84 .60 .42 .30 .25 .21 .15 .10 .07 .05 % Retained .0 .6 4.6 28.5 23.6 24.3 17.6 .8 .0 .0 Meets USGA specfications Consistent Q uality Lab Reports w ith Every Shipment M ichigan’s Largest Topdressing Sand Supplier Standard Sand Corporation P.O. Box 290 Grand Haven, Michigan 49417 Contact: Roy Hanson (616) 842-5180 JENNINGS Bridges Storage Buildings Pool Furniture Litter Receptacles Tennis Courts Tennis Court Lighting Portable Fencing 2764 Armstrong Dr. Lake Orion, Ml 48035 (313) 391-0880 or 1-800-632-4153 (Toll Free) —4— We dug into the toll fescue control problem. So now you don't have to. Introducing LESCO TFC™ Herbicide. The new, easy way to remove unwanted clumps of tall fescue without digging or spot­ treating with a non-selective herbicide. LESCO TFC is the first product to provide se­ lective spot control of tall fescue in Kentucky bluegrass, bentgrass, fine fescue, bahia- grass and bermudagrass, while allowing desirable grass to fill in. This water dispersible granule offers convenience and accuracy Order today! Nationwide • (800) 321-5325 In Ohio • Always read and follow label instructions before using any chemical product. LESCO, Inc. 20005 Lake Road, Rocky River, Ohio 44116 (216)333-9250 W hen You've Got A Lot O f Ground To Cover. . . Meet a worker who carries a lot of weight •Sales Ellis Sales, INC. 6915 W. MICHIGAN AVE. KALAMAZOO. Ml 49009 •Service •Parts (616) 375-3535 TEXTRON —5 M.T.F. FOUNDERS SOCIETY Bill Madigan Chairman Founders Society PURPOSE: To Guarantee our Future by Education through Research. Education is the key to our future and we need to keep abreast, or in front of, our future needs. As Turfgrass pro­ fessionals, we are all aware of the ever expanding pressures (Environmental Concerns) on us and our pro­ fession. We need concrete answers to our concerns. Tur­ fgrass reasearch as an industry is an infant. By that I mean our education through research began only ab out 30 years ago and has made greeat progress since then. Then only limiting factor in research is monies available, and we have a responsiblity to support research as much as possible. The Founders Society was established so individuals have the opportunity to contribute to research as in­ dividuals. M.S.U. has one of the best reasearch staffs in the country, and they need our support. The Founders Society is in solid partnership with M.S.U.. In fact, the University believes the society memberships are so vital that donors are recognized as university con­ tributors. There are five different levels of membership and all contributors are cumulative; you can join at one level and work your way into another. Lapel pins are awarded at the levels of Emerald and Diamond. Contributions $ 100.00- 249.00 250.00- 499.00 500.00- 999.00 $1,000.00-2499.00 $2500.00- + Levels 1- Bronze 2- Silver 3- Gold 4- Emerald 5- Diamond Organizations in turf throughout the United States have started fund raising programs for research, and they have all followed ideas and examples set by the M.T.F. Be pro­ ud of your participation; this organization is only as good as or as strong as we make it by our participation. All con­ tributors qualify for the M.T.F.’s 501-c3 status. You will contacted by the area’s M.T.T. Founders Socie­ ty Zone Chairman in the near future. Continue to support M.S.U. and research through your contributions. O ur S h arp en in g is a REEL G rind 5082 Page Ave. Jackson, Michigan 49201 (517) 764-1182 G olf C ourse M o w e r Repair and S harp en in g J. 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ONLY DISTRIBUTOR FOR MICHIGAN, OHIO, INDIANA AND ILLINOIS EXCELLENT QUALITY PERSONALIZED TUBE FLAGS, SOLID FIBERGLASS POLES WITH SOLID IMPREGNATED COLOR, FIBERGLASS RAKE HANDLE, FOAM FILLED TO FLOAT, 14” or 22” RAKE HEAD, PUTTING GREEN FLAGS AND POLES-CUPS WE ALSO HANDLE LEWIS AND PAR AIDE REPLACEMENT SEATS FOR GOLF CARTS. . .TRACTORS. . .ETC. GCSAA NEWS GCSAA CERTIFIES 1,000th MEMBER Ronald M. Ross, superintendent of Hillcrest Country Club, Lincoln, Neb., has become the 1,000th active golf course superintendent to earn the designation certified Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. GCSAA President Dennis D. Lyon, CGCS, made the anannouncement at the association’s headquarters in Lawrence, Kan. Ross has been superintendent of the 18 hole private club since July 1984. Previously, he worked at the Great Oaks Country Club, Rochester, Mich., and the Grand Hotel Golf Club, Mackinac Island, Mich. GCSAA instituted the certification program in 1971 as a means of recognizing outstanding and progressive golf course superintendents. To become certified, a candidate must have five years’ experience as a golf course superintendent and be employed in that capacity. The candidate must pass a rigorous six-hour examination testing knowledge of the game and rules of golf, turfgrass management, pest con­ trol management, financial management, organizational management, and the history, ethics, purpose and pro­ cedures of GCSSA. Also, an on-site inspection of Ross’ golf course operation was conducted by two currently cer­ tified superintendents: Alan G. Culver, GCSSA of Lincoln, Neb., and Tom Athy, CGSSA, Fremont, Neb. GCSSA, a professional association of gold course superintendents, was founded in 1926 to promote the art and science of golf course management . Its 8000 members represent the United States, Canada, Mexico and 32 other countries. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ON GOLF COURSES FINDING: Golf courses have traditionally served as sanctuaries for many forms of animal life. While wildlife can pose problems for golfers and golf course developers, with proper monitoring and planning, golf courses and “ nature’s own” can coexist comfortably side by side. WILDLIFE AND THE GOLF COURSE: Bird watchers have long known that golf courses are especially attrac­ tive to many varieties of birds. In the 1920’s the National Association of Audubon Societies published the pamphlet “ Golf Clubs as Bird Sanctuaries. More recently, Dr. Ron Kendall, director of the Institute of Toxicology at the Hux­ ley College of Environmental Studies in Bellingham, Washington, noted golf courses“ happen to be excellent bird sanctuaries with their variety of terrain and foliage and their water. Golf courses have often provided bird houses in order to attract species tht will serve as an en­ vironmentally safe form of pest control. Nevertheless, birds and other animals such as skunks, raccoons, deer, elk, and even alligators can pose a variety of problems for golf course customers and employees. The range from simple nuisances, such as goose drop­ pings on greens to more serious threats, such as infesta­ tion with Lyme disease and rabies. Fortunately, a variety of measures are available that can control such problems without harming the animals in anyway. As Jeffrey Marley, a professional authority on wildlife control, explains, “ To prevent damage, wildlife must be controlled with devices and techniques that are biologically, environmentally, and economically valid, effective and practical. Control measures must be with the law.” Such methods include aversion and diversion techniques, including the use of bad-tasting food and noisemakers. For big game such as elk, natural areas can be left in the development of the course to attract them. Marley concludes that control of wildlife is simply a mat­ ter of good environmental management — “ the golf course superitendents forte.” WILDLIFE AND GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENT: A different kind of problem occurs in golf course develop­ ment as the developers encroached on what used to be a natural habitat. But golf courses, especially when com­ pared to other kinds of development, are uniquely suited to cope with this difficulty, since developers wish to take advantage of the natural beauty of the terrain, they have an incentive to preserve animal habitats. The experience of golf course development in the desert bears this out. The Del E. Webb Corp. halted construction of a golf course development in Tucson, Arizona, for 56 days until baby hawks in a nest near a fairway were ready to fly. When course development in the Coachelle Valley near Palm Springs, California, threatened an endangered species of lizard, the government, developers, and environmentalists worked together to establish a wildlife preserve that would be compatible with course develop­ ment. Obviously, with proper planning, golf course development need not threathen any endangered animals. CONCLUSIONS: Golf courses are one of those rare kinds of developement that can easily harmonize with the natural world, given proper planning and anticipation of potential problems. Golf course developers respect the environment and can provide habitats to preserve the various species affected by the presence of the course. THE GCSAA/HALL-KIMBRELL COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM: Guidance and Direction in a Complex World of Environmental Regulations. President George Bush has been emphatic in challeng­ ing his newly appointed environmental leaders to“ chart a course of environmental activism.” Bush indicated recently that he was not only interested in pressing civil suits, but that criminal prosecutions would be a part of his drive to clean up the environment. Every industry must carefully analyze its practices to assure strict adherence to guidelines and demonstrate “ moral” responsibility in protecting workers and the en­ vironmental issues associated with modern golf course operations. The Golf Course Superintendents association of America, however, has recognized the need to take ag­ gressive measures to stay ahead of the wave of en­ vironmental concern. With that in mind, GCSAA recently introduced a member benefit program with Hall-Kimbrell Environmen- —7— (Continued on Page 9) Nothing cuts like the Ransomes 5 gang reel team RANSOMES Fast-cutting, diesel-powered, all-hydraulic systems save time and money. For information or demonstration call Matt Botsford or Ed Stesny, Turf Manager (313) 541-4660 Ideal M o w e r Sales 811 Woodward Heights Ferndale, Michigan 48220 M o to r 350D ■ Kubota 38 HP Diesel ■ All hydraulic driven reels and lifts ■ 24" turning radius and uncut circle "O' ■ IT 6 " w idth cuts 8 acres per hour Special leasing terms available —8— GCSAA NEWS (Continued from Page firms, tal Services, Inc., one of the nation’s leading environmen­ tal engineering and analytical to help superintendents respond. The GCSAA/Hall-Kimbrell En­ vironmental Compliance Assistance Program provides golf course superintendents a means to identify areas of operations affected by environmental regulations and identify changes that should be implemented to achieve compliance. “ This is an important program for every golf course in America because no course can afford notto assess every area of its operations,” said Dennis D. Lyon, CGCS, GCSAA president. “ Our main goal is for superintendents to develop a high degree of industry involvement -- but there’s also a very real payoff that superintendents will realize in improved management ef­ ficiency and reduced liability exposure.” Lyon added that one fine or incident would vastly overshadow the nominal cost of the self audit. in dollars The self-audit package gives superintendents a unique opportunity to act on their own. If a regulatory agency was to evaluate the same issues, violations would be reported and dealt with through legal channels. The self audit allows superintendents to evaluate their practices on their own and make modifications accordingly. The Hall-Kimbrell/GCSAA Self-Audit Package consists of a 30-minute videotape program that outlines eight com­ mon areas of regulation and the regulatory self audit. The self audit is a book containing more than 500 questions that allows the superintendent to easily and consisely report his practices in an answer booklet. Completion of the self audit generally requires about eight hours of a superintendents time. Most have found it better to split the time over a week or so, rather than attempt to move through it from start to finish in one session. The answer booklet is forwarded to Hall-Kimbrell, where it is scanned by a computer to summarize and sort the data provided by the superintendent. Hall-Kimbrell scientists and environmental experts then review the data and compile a detailed report on the course’s practices and how well they meet the applicable regulations. The report also contains concise overviews of regulations, phone numbers and addresses for federal and state agencies that issue and enforce the regulations and information on state programs that vary significantly from federal requirements. The response report not only tells superintendents if they are in compliance, it also helps them evaluate pro­ cedures and management practices. The self audit is not a fault-finding tool, but rather a fact­ finding tool, explains Hall-Kimbrell Project Manager Steve Wharton. “ People may have a natural tendency to pro­ vide what they expect are the ‘desired responses’ rather than the honest answers. The value of the package is in the superintendent’s review of the resulting reports bas­ ed on actual situations.” The self-audit and regulatory compliance efforts are not a “ one-shot” effort. Existing regulations are often modified and stress periodic review of management practices as new regulations continue to be introduced. One of GCSAA’s considerations in selecting Hall/Kim- brell was the firm’s commitment to an ongoing effort. The self audit serves as a prerequisite for follow-up services that include annual update procedures. By periodiacally updating the audit, it becomes a dynamic management tool for continual evaluation of practices, taking into ac­ count new products, training requirements. regulations and The entire program and its follow-up mechanisms are designed to help superintendents become better managers. For more information or details on ordering the self-audit package, contact the GCSSA Membership Department. WHAT KEEPS THE GREEN SIDE GROWING UP, AND THE BROWN SIDE GROWING DOWN? by David B. Kittredge, Jr. Extension Forester Dept, of Forestry & Wildlife Managem ent University of Massachusetts. Trees come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This is in large part due to the tremendous number of different species that have evolved to occupy different parts of the forest environments. But why can trees of the same species look very different? Part of the explanation, of course, is that trees within the same species vary genetically. Trees of the same species can vary in ap­ pearance the same way people vary in appearance (though we are all the same species). Another important control of tree growth that results in a variety of shapes and forms is that of hormones. Trees have a number of different hormones, or growth regulators, that control the growth and behavior of the tree right at the level of the individual cell. Some of these regulators interact with one another in the tree, and the overall result is a tree of unique shape and form. Where are these hormones, and how do they work? They are produced primarily in the shoot tips, root tips, or leaves, and are soluble in water. This enables them to travel either up through the tree with water extracted by the roots from the soil, or down through the tree with sugars that were manufactured in the leaves. They are present in trees only in extremely small amounts - often less then one part per million - which makes them ex­ tremely difficult for scientists to study. Nevertheless, they have an extraordinary influence on the way trees grow. Hormone interaction in trees control some of the basic events that we observe. For example, the breaking of bud dormancy in the spring is controlled by hormones. Those that inhibit the buds from unfolding gradually break down, (Continued on Page 11) —9 STATEWIDE DISTRIBUTOR OF JOHN DEERE GOLF & TURF PRODUCTS FORMERLY MICHIGAN GOLF & TURF G R A N D R A P ID S (616) 784-5330 TAYLO R (313) 946-8686 TRAVERSE C ITY (616) 263-7574 Call and ask about our NEW John Deere Golf & Turf Equipment: • 1200 Bunker Rake • Coremaster Aerator • AMT 622 • Vertical Reels for Fairway Units • 1500 Sprayer 117 Portable High-Pressure Washer See the NEW John Deere Triplex Mower at our booth in Anaheim, CA. T ractors Nothing Runs ^ Like a Deere* \ JOHN DEERE —10— GREEN SIDE/BROWN SIDE (Continued from Page 9) and those that stimulate growth increase. The result is the green flush of new growth that we enjoy in the spring. When would a hormone that inhibits growth be useful for a tree? The reverse process takes place in the summer and fall, when growth-inhabiting hormones begin to dominate. This results in the cessation of shoot growth, the formation of buds to protect next year’s fragile growth from the harsh winter environment, and (in the case of deciduous trees) the eventual falling of leaves to the forest floor. Tree hormones also direct the growth of the stem in the upward direction and the roots in a downward one. If a tree is tipped, for example, by a high wind, its ability to “ bend up” and grow vertically is due to hormones. They travel to one side of the tree and make the cells there grow more, thus making the stem “ bend” towards the light in a room. Hormones are present in greater concentrations on one side of the plant, and the stimulated growth on that side makes the plant lean in a particular direction. The notions of trees growing straight up, or leaning towards light in a forest, are subtle ones that we take for granted. The actions of hormones in trees can be much more dramatic, however. The concentrations of hormones in the shoots and stem regulate the degree to which the shoots throughout the tree will elongate. This is called “ apical dominance,” and insures that the tree’s main stem, or “ leader,” will continue to grow up and the other secondary branches will grow out to the side. If an insect kills back the main leader, or an animal eats it, the tree loses a main source of hormonal production and control. The balance is upset by the absence of one hormone, and the result is a change in the form of the tree. In the case of eastern white pine and white pine weevil, when the main leader is infested and dies, one (or several) of the lateral branches begins to “ Bend up” and assume the dominant vertical position. After repeated weevil attacks, the tree can have multiple main stems, all of which are crooked, due to their having been “ bent up.” These “ cabbage pines” are characteristic throughout the New England landscape, and are the result of the external influence of the weevil and the internal response of the tree’s hormones. Long before people understood that trees had hor­ mones, they were using one of the results of hormonal response to their advantage. In medieval Europe (and later in colonial America), firewood was the principle source of energy for heating and cooking. People knew that if they cut down certain species of hardwoods, they would sprout again from the stump and continue to grow. Every 20 or 30 years they would return to the same few acres of forest and cut it all back again for firewood, with the knowledge that it would resprout. This was known as coppice cutting. American chestnut continues to exhibit the same kind of hormonal response when it is repeatedly kiiled back by the Chestnut Blight fungus. Trees of this species have been dying back and resprouting since the blight swept through New England in the early decades of this cen­ tury. This behavior is another example of the loss of “ apical dominance” or hormonal balance in the tree, resulting in the sprouting of what would otherwise be dor­ mant buds at the base of the tree. Based on a developing understanding of the role that hormones play in tree growth and form, forest scientists today are using hormones in research to clone superior trees. Tissue from such trees is taken back to the laboratory and grown in test tubes in the presence of hor­ mones that will sitmulate root and shoot formation. The resulting “ little trees” (not actually seedlings) can then be planted. Knowledge of tree hormones has also resulted in the development of herbicides that stimulates excessive growth and peculiar physiological behavior which results in tree death. Scientists continue to study the role that hormones play in tree growth. Much is yet to be learned about the in­ teresting form of ‘communication” within a tree. Based on numerous external environmental stimuli, such as day length or temperature, hormone balances in a tree change, and leaves fall, buds unfold or flowers appear. Shoot elongation and the degree of “ apical dominance” is also controlled by hormones. Also, a tree’s response to injury or external influences, such as weevil infestation, high winds, animal browsing, or felling is controlled by hor­ mones. The relative presence in minute quantities of these important hormones plays a significant role in determin­ ing the growth and form of the trees we enjoy today. —11— CREDIT: The Bull Sheet INTRODUCING THE NEW: TORO FAIRWAY AERATOR Productivity, extra depth and durability in one machine - - - This 1.5 acre per hour aerator gives fairways and other large turf areas the same quality aeration previously limited to greens. FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL: SINCE y 1947 V y . V , X x ______ ¿ r Spartan Distributors, Inc. 487 W. DIVISION ST. / P.O. BOX 246 / SPARTA, Ml 49345 / PHO NE 616/887-7301 —12— CONTROLLING NUISANCE AQUATIC GROWTH IN GOLF COURSE GREENS by Heather Larratt H.M. Larratt Aquatic Consultants Assn. with different temperatures and hence unequal densities. The warm, upper epilimnion does not mix with the colder, hypolimnion until the return of cool weather, or a severe wind storm which has the required energy of cool weather, to mix the entire water column in what is called “ turnover” . During the period of stratification, the water chemistry in the water layers becomes progressively different. The up­ per layer has more algae and an abundance of dissolved oxygen.The lower layer has more decomposers which consume oxygen, plus it is isolated from atmospheric ox­ ygen. Bottom oxygen levels decline - often to the point that an anaerobic zone forms immediately above the sediments which are devoid of oxygen. Organisms which require oxygen are replaced by those that don’t. These include the notorious bacteria groups that produce hydrogen sulphide (smells like rotten eggs) and methane (swamp gas). A sniff of the botton water will tell you if your pond has an anaerobic zone. The removal of oxygen from the sediment/water inter­ face is somewhat like removing a lid; nutrients are liberated from the sediments, particularly phosphorus. When the pond experiences turnover, these nutrients are mixed into the water column where they can enhance algae growth. In summary, anaerobic zones are bad news. What is needed is an input of oxygen to the bottom water. This can be accomplished in a number of ways. If water is normally added and withdrawn from the sur­ face, it is sometimes possible to take water from the bot­ tom instead. This has the effect of drawing surface water Introduction Water and little boys have one thing In common - it’s very hard to make them sit still and do nothing. When water is detained in a pond, the wise course superinten­ dent prepares for trouble. It matters not whether your pond is essentially a large wading pool or a small lake, no size of pond is exempt from nuisance aquatic growths. Certainly, some ponds are more prone to problems than others. The ideal pond is spring fed, cold and deep with steep shorelines and a short detention time. If your pond is a shallow, flooded swamp, which is essentially stagnant, the author sincerely hopes that you enjoy a challenge. Algae is the most common nuisance aquatic growth, with rooted aquatic weeds running a close second. Algae range from slimy or hairy growths or submerged substrates (epiphyton) to minute, suspended forms (plankton) which are distributed from the surface to the depth where light penetrates. An abundance of plankton is termed an algae “ bloom” in which the algae form a scum and/or color the water brown or green, depending on the species involved. Aquatic weeds can be found from the shoreline down to 5 meters, but the preferred depth 1 to 3 meters. These plants have vascular supporting tissue and true leaves, and they are rooted. Aquatic weeds range from short carpets of grass-like plants to objectionable, dense beds of surfacing pondweeds. And you thought that all your weed problems were in your turf... There are two avenues for attacking nuisance aquatic growths: chemical control and modification of the pond invironment. This article should help the ground superintendent develop a pond maintenance program and plan modifications to the pond itself if necessary. CONTROLLING ALGAE AND REDUCING NUTRIENTS Like all plants, algae require a variety of minerals for optimum growth. By far the most common limiting nutrient is phosphorus, while nitrogen, silica and carbon are con­ sidered to be important macro-nutrients. A reduction in the available nutrients, particularly phosphorus, will result in a matching decline in an algae productivity. An obvious source of nutrients to a golf course pond is the fertilization of the surrounding turf. Every effort should be made to ensure that no fertilizer fall directly on the pond during its application. Similarly, grass clippings, leaves, etc., represent a nutrient contribution and should be disposed of elsewhere. Sloughing banks also donate nutrients to the pond and they should be stabilized with a bulkhead or rip-rap. In addition to the external source of nutrients, ponds regenerate nutrients internally. The most significant source of internal loading are the sediments when anaerobic conditions prevail in the overlying water. Ponds that are 3 or more meters deep are prone to this problem. The mechanism is as follows: The sun warms surface water faster than bottom water, resulting in layers of water The A ll-N e w Je M akes Tournam ent-Qualh Only the rugged Jacobsen LF-100 combines high productivity and superior lightweight quality mowing to give you tourna­ ment-quality fairways day-in and day-out. The wide 100" cutting width, unique up-front reel configuration and mowing speeds of over 5 mph deliver increased productivity for more economical lightweight mowing. And the new heavy-duty, seven-blade reel design—a Jacobsen exclusive—provides a tournament-quality cut that's clearly supe­ rior to competitive units. A common problem with the lighter greens-mowing reels com­ petitors use is their tendency to rise up in heavy thatch, giving the fairway a "wavy" look. But the heavy-section Jacobsen reels are specially designed to hug the turf. Combine that with our fully floating, steerable reels and you get smooth, flawless fair­ ways with the LF-100 that are the envy of the industry. The weight of the LF-100 is evenly distributed over four low ground pressure tires. Plus, each tire rolls on a separate track, for the lowest compaction possible and less marking . . . to make sure a greens-like cut is all the LF-100 leaves behind. What's more, the LF-100 stands alone on steep, hard-to-cut fairways. Its low-profile, four-wheel, wide track stance provides exceptional stability and traction. And our new "on-demand" 4-wheel-drive option helps the LF-100 climb hills where others give up—without the turf-damaging wheel spin and slippage competitive units can produce. The operator can go from 2-wheel-drive to 4-wheel-drive and back, "on-the-go." For confident braking even on slopes, the Up-front wing reels and four-wheel design deliver increased mowing efficiency. Unlike competitive mowers, the LF-100 has the outer reels up front for better operator visibility. This allows the operator to see the trimming edge without looking back over their shoulder, away from the mowing path. The end result —a closer, cleaner mowing line for maximum productivity. Comfortable two-piece, high- back contoured suspension seat reduces operator fatigue. Powerful 22-hp liquid- cooled diesel engine offers longer life and fuel efficiency. Wide-core radiator and heavy- duty air cleaner keep engine cool and clean for increased operating efficiency in demanding conditions. This unique configuration also provides a shorter uncut circle of grass on turns and better access to all grass catchers, so there's less time wasted when emptying them The wide, low-profile configuration delivers better trac­ tion and stability on slopes for more efficient mowing with less turf damage due to wheel spin and slippage. "On-demand” 4-wheel-drive option helps the LF-100 climb hills that competitive mowers can't negotiate. For a demonstration call: MILLER WEST (616) 241-4481 Easy access to all reels simplifies grass catcher removal, reel inspection and maintenance. —14— Trim weight and low- profile turf tires produce the lightest ground pressure in the industry. icobsen LF-TOO fy Fairw ays a D aily Event LF-100 comes equipped with powerful drum brakes. As nimble as it is productive, the LF-100 features “on-the-go' pedal-operated reel lift to cross-cut fairways more efficiently. Also, a tight turning radius and power steering provide extra maneuverability and improve striping accuracy. The result of more than 60 years of experience in building heavy-duty professional turf equipment, the Jacobsen LF-100 withstands the day-in, day-out pounding of high-production fairway mowing. It has a rugged, time-proven chassis design and extra-heavy-duty lift arms. Separate high-capacity pumps for traction and reel drive functions deliver increased efficiency and simplify main­ tenance. And for longer life and dependability the LF-100 comes equipped with a tough 22-hp liquid-cooled diesel engine. Diesel economy can save you up to 50% in fuel costs over an air­ cooled, gasoline engine. A wide-core radiator and heavy-duty air cleaner help keep the engine cool and clean in demanding conditions. And to keep you up and mowing, the entire machine is backed by your Jacobsen distributor, so you're never far from dependable parts and service support. In today's increasingly competitive golf industry, the all-new Jacobsen LF-100 gives you a powerful advan­ tage—tournament-quality fairways, day after day. To see the all-new Jacobsen LF-100 in action, ask your distributor for a complete demonstration. Responsive power steering offers exceptional maneuver­ ability with less operator fatigue. Simple hydraulic system design with separate, high-capacity traction and reel drive pumps for increased efficiency and performance. Extra-heavy-duty lift arms handle the abusive con­ ditions of high-production fairway mowing. Wing reels located up front For better visibility and greater productivity. —15— Exclusive, heavy-section reels help make the LF-100 the ultimate fairway mower. Jacobsen introduces an innovative new reel unit for a superior quality fairway cut from a lightweight mower. Lighter greens mowing reels tend to rise up in heavy thatch, producing a "wavy" look that detracts from your course's beauty. And these reels are designed for lighter-duty, greens mowing applications, so they lack the long-life durability needed for demanding, high- production fairway mowing conditions. However, this innovative Jacobsen reel, specially de­ signed for the LF-100, features heavy-section blades and bedknives, heavy-duty shafts and frames for extra strength and longer life in punishing high-production fairway conditions. The added weight of this wide 22", seven-blade system works with the fully floating, steerable reel units to hug the turf, creating smooth, uniform fairways your patrons will appreciate again and again. All five of these unique Jacobsen reels are hydraulically driven for a superior cut even in heavy, wet grass. Plus, backlapping is standard, for easier maintenance. Together, these exclusive reels and the unique design characteristics of the LF-100 make it the ultimate light­ weight fairway mower. And you'll only find it at your Jacobsen distributor. To arrange a complete demonstration, contact your distribu­ tor, today. Attractive lease and finance plans available. Aquatrols Now Has A Solid Advantage. The Advantage System AquaGro® Advantage Pellet Packaged 12 Pellets/case 6 cases/carton AquaGro® Advantage Applicator Applicators sold separately, or with 24 Pellets BENHAM CHEMICALS CECIL F. KERR Western Michigan Manager Residence: 616-381-2586 RUSS SNOW Sales Representative Residence: 616-375-3076 BUD SHAW Sales Representative Residence: 616-926-7480 G.R. WAREHOUSE: 616-698-1836 • TOLL FREE: 1-800-482-6520 24800 N. Industrial Drive • Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331 — 16— A convenient system for supplementing your AquaGro" program that’s as easy as syringing. • Makes touching up problem spots easy. • Turf safety in any weather. • Twice the active ingredient of Naiad’s pellet... and costs less. • Treats up to 1 acre per Pellet. • Get the benefits and effective­ ness of regular AquaGro. riAQUATROLS 1432 Union Avenue Pennsauken, NJ 08110 1-800-257-7797 in NJ 609-665-1130 FAX 609-665-0875 AQUATIC GROWTH (Continued from Page 13) down into the bottom area with its fresh supply of oxygen. Alternately, if the inflowing water is well-oxygenated, it can be piped directly to the hypolimnion to supply the need­ ed oxygen. The cheapest aerators are the destratifaction type which break down the stratifaction (layering) in the pond. A homemade system can be constructed of a one horsepower compressor or blower connected to a 1” pvc grid fitted with .03” microjets or simply 1” plastic tubing with holes smaller then 1/8 inch. The “ bubbler” section is anchored about 0.5 meters from the bottom. The rising bubbles lift bottom water to the surface where it is ox­ ygenated before dropping back to the hypolimnion. Adequate aeration can also be accomplished without a noisy compressor. There are commercially available units that utilize a submersible pump to lift bottom water to the surface where it is sprayed from a floating fountain unit, e.g. Otterbine. Alternately, a venturi valve can be utilized when there is a pressurized water line in the deep section. The valve is installed in the water line and is fit­ ted with an airline to the surface. The air is sucked down the airline and the air/water mixture is discharged near the bottom. It is essential that destratifying aerators be functioning in the early spring in order to avoid lifting nutrient-laden anaerobic water. Similarly, the aerator’s operation can­ not be interrupted for more than a few days in the sum­ mer without incurring the same problem. It is not unusual for destratification aerators to increase turbidity due to the mixing of the water column. If the aerated pond becomes unacceptably turbid, you may want to consider the hypolimnetic modification in which the ris­ ing bubbles are trapped in a column, aerated in a floating, ventilated box, and returned via another tube to th ehypolimnion.The hypolimnetic aerators are more elegant in function than they are in appearance. Reducing light penetration Like all plants, algae require light to grow. The amount of light that penetrates the water column is affected by wind play. A mirror-still pond surface admits the maximum amount of light, while a rippled surface admits less. If the strategy of the golf course permits, plantings around the pond which reduce wind should be minimzed. A fountain can serve the dual purpose of enhancing the appearance while it disturbs the water surface. More dramatic reductions in algae growths can be ob­ tained using AquaShade, a blue dye that shades out the wavelengths which are essential to algae. The product which works well, imparts a Mediterranean blue look to the pond. If the resultant color looks a little too-blue-to-be-true, AquaShade used at half the label rate still reduces algae growth. Algicides The most commonly used algicides are the copper com­ pounds (e.g. Cutrine Plus, liquid Algimycin FLL-C). The materials are well suited to treating suspended, microscopic algae. Filamentous algae growing on rocks can be con­ trolled by dragging a burlap sack of granular algicide along the infested areas. Generally, no permit is required to treat a pond which is located entirely on the golf course and has no outflow beyond the boundaries of the property; however, confirmation is advisable. Copper algicides do not solve algae problems, and thus, repeated treatments during the summer are usually necessary. Typical treatment frequencies vary from mon­ thly to weekly after the water temperatures exceed 16° to 18° C. The frequency should be based upon the amount of algae present. Once the turbidity in the pond starts to in­ crease, the algicide should be applied. There is no point in waiting until there is a full-brown algae bloom in pro­ gress. More algicide will be required, and a large volume of decaying organic matter wil be sent to the bottom where it will fuel the anaerobic zone. The turbidity can be monitored using a secchi disk - a 20 cm diameter disk with alternating black and white quadrants. The disk is lowered until it can no longer be seen from the surface, and that depth is recorded. A loss of 0.5 meters or more in the secchi depth would indicate the need for a treatment, bearing in mind that the disk is more visable on a sunny day and that the same observer should take the readings. After a time, a normal treatment pattern will emerge, and algicide applications can be scheduled. There is a possibilty that copper based algicides would adversely affect fish populations, although the author is personally familiar with two ponds and several lakes where proper use of copper compounds have no discernable im­ pact on resident trout. Chlorine is also an effective algicide. If the pond’s water source is a chlorinated supply, you will enjoy the algicidal properties of the residual chlorine. It is also a relatively easy task to insert a chlorine feed to the inflowing water line. Continuous feeds of chlorine work best in unstratified ponds with short detention times because chlorine residuals are short-lived due to adsorption to suspended organic matter and the sediments. Aquatic weed control and modifying favorable habitats Aquatic weeds thrive at depths of 1 to 3 meters, and rarely penetrate beyond 5 meters. The pond sides should drop steeply to the maximum depth desired for your pond. Where this is not possible, the substrate can be rendered undesirable by covering it with burlap or erosion control fabric. Both of these coverings “ breathe” and will not be blown to the surface by gasses accumulating from the —17— ANOTHER GREAT QUOTE ABOUT CENTURY GOLF TEAM! * CENTURY SAVED THE PROJECT. THEY REDESIGNED IT IN ONE WEEK SO WE LOST NO TIME ON THE JOB. “From 100 percent trees to a developed golf course in nine months is incredible. “ We couldnft have done it without Century. “ They came through in the clutch and hit a home run ... and they saved us $230,000 in labor and materials costs. Harry Bowers Golf Course Designer Domino's Lodge Golf Course Drummond Island, Michigan Want to get a great quote on your course's irrigation system? Call Century Golf Team today! 3400 JEFFERSON S.E. GRAND RAPIDS 616 452-4032 31691 DEQUINDRE MADISON HEIGHTS 313 588-2990 22159 TELEGRAPH SOUTHFIELD 313 358-2994 CENTURY GOLF TEAM ■ The Dependability Irrigation People —18— PROJECT YOUR IMAGE OVER THE MIST by H.E. Frenette, CGCS in the next breath, they're telling you that you just have to learn to do more with less. It occurs to me that these individuals may be experts in rhetoric but something less than knowledgeable in the field of turf management. Here we are, down in the mist sweeping away like mad, but to no avail. Any man who can claim to give his members a better course (with today’s labor, materials, and equipment costs) for the same money has lost touch with the industry or has a membership that will not long accept his quality of maintenance. We may even consider the possibility that his past efforts have been less than professional if he can suddenly produce results with the same budget. This brings us back to the purpose of our discussion. In order to see above the mist, we must recognize that our industry is part of the free enterprise system. We do not enjoy subsidies, tax exemptions, or federal grants. We must operate with the economic realities of the business world, which means competing for labor, paying the go­ ing price for equipment and materials, and providing the fringe benefits that go with operating any business. Determine the needs of your membership. What quali­ ty of course do they want? Once this is understood, all related efforts must be approached realistically. Determin­ ing the needs of your membership should be a continu­ ing process. Listen to the ideas and complaints of each “ Infinite toil would not enable you to sweep away a mist; but by ascending a little you may often look over it altogether. ”(Arthur Helps) A little known quote from a man we have never met, but what a profound effect it could have on our efforts to become the recogonlzed professionals we all aspire to become. To lift ourselves above the feeble attempts to convince our members and colleagues that we deserve much more than we get. Just calling ourselves profes­ sionals and telling each other we are does not a profes­ sional make. How many meetings have you had with fellow superintendents who begin their aquaintance with some remark like, “ I have a pretty good layout, but the member­ ship won’t let me have the money to do the job” , or “ We just have to get the job done with what we have because our members can’t afford to raise the dues.” To add to this martyrdom, some announced expert gets up at your local meeting and spends 30-45 minutes telling you those members expect you to maintain that rock-pile in tourna­ ment condition with the same budget as last year, and you are just going to have to learn to accomplish this as pro­ fessional superintendents. Have eyou ever met an expert in the field of Turf Management — Superintendents, as you know, are not classed as experts — who didn’t say you were the greatest bunch of guys in the world? Then, Turcam 2>zG NOR-AM INTRODUCES INSECTICIDE ALL THE AD VAN TAG ES O F TURCAM IN A CONVENIENT GRANULAR FORMULATION • FAST ACTING • GOOD RESIDUAL • DOESN’T TIE UP IN THATCH • EASIER TO APPLY Don Maske District Manager (815) 838-8164 Now available in 40-lb. bags IMPORTANT Please remember always to read and loiioar carefully all label directions when applying any chemical • ADVANCED CARBAMATE CHEMISTRY • COST EFFECTIVE W NOR-AM NUHAMt.Hl MK.AI (/OMHANY :t‘XJ9 talvfisjde Road PO Bo» W mi w «jinn 1)1 I'.JMUl —19— Send Less Money Down the Drain with Hydraflo. Hydraflo"' soil wetting agent is the superior technology that lets you use less, less often. Available as a liquid or granular, Hydraflo is a more efficient and economical way to prevent turf losses due to wet or dry conditions. Hydraflo helps your budget because lower application rates are needed. Send less money down the drain. Contact your Sierra distributor today. SIERRA 1-800-346-0201 _ i Hydraflo r STFRRA I u V l l L rt 1989 Sierra Crop Protection Co. Hydraflo is a registered trademark of Sierra Crop Protection Co u _______________ COST-IN-USE COMPARISON_______________ Total cost per season of HYDRAFLO' liquid and AQUA-GRO' liquid to 1,000 sq. ft. of golf course green (at manufacturer recommended rates): HYDRAFLO Liquid AQUA-GRO Liquid 2 x 2Vi gallon $118 00 $ 23 60 .184 $ 26 oz. Average superintendent cost Cost per gallon Cost per ounce Total amount product applied per 1,000 sq. ft. per season $ 4.79 TOTAL COST/1,000 SQ. FT. SEASON (total oz. applied x cost/oz.) COST-IN-USE COMPARISON 5 gallon drum $148.50 $ 29.70 .232 $ 56 oz. $ 12.99 Total cost per season of HYDRAFLO* granular and AQUA-GRO' spreadable to 1,000 sq. ft. of golf course green (at manufacturer recommended rates): HYDRAFLO 15g AQUA-GRO S 52Vi lb. drum 40 lb. bag $49 20 $ 1 23 121b. Average superintendent cost Cost per pound Total amount product applied per 1,000 sq. ft. per season $14.76 TOTAL COST/1,000 SQ. FT. SEASON (total lbs. applied x cost/lb.) $66.70 $ 1.27 241/2 lbs. $31.12 —20 individual member. Be receptive to constructive criticism. Be prepared to reconcile even the most ridiculous sug­ gestion to maintain harmony. Prepare your requirements and justifications, and then be prepared to make a convincing presentation. For clari­ ty, let’s consider some of the items that might be in your presentation. it is. It is time to recognize that the LABOR This is the largest percentage item in the budget, but has traditionally been the least realistic. We have agoniz­ ed for years with less than adequate personnel because this has been the way job is not going to get done porperly without skilled techini- cians who can be encouraged to stay with the club. They should be paid competitive wages and be provided with reasonable fringe benefits as added incentives. Training programs must be organized on a state or regional level to provide a pool of apprentices prepared to fit into the routine of turf maintenance procedures. State Superintendents’ association can be the leaders in such a program with benefits equal to or surpassing existing halfhearted research efforts. What better trade for a young man to pursue in one of the local Vo-Tech schools? You, the superintendent, not the club, will be the one to initiate such a training program. For years labor has been recognized as the main pro­ blem within the profession. Solving this problem will cer­ tainly help raise us above the mist. to our Consider two areas where many of us give too little thought responsibility as professional superintendents: preparing the assistant and training the turf student: The Assistant: Once we have made the decision to employ an assistant, our responsibility is twofold: (1) Pro­ vide the individual with the opportunity to learn all he can to prepare himself for the time he becomes a superinten­ dent, and (2) Provide your membership with a competent individual who can maintain continuity in the daily opera­ tion of the course in the absence of the superintendent due to superintendent meetings, vacations, illness or other emergencies. The Turf Student. You may have decided to employ turf students to supplement your seasonal crew. In doing so, you have accepted a responsibility to the student and to his or her school. The student expects to participate in a varied host of disciplines. He or she does not anticipate spending the placement training period just riding a tractor or raking bunkers. They hope to have the opportunity to engage in every procedure on the course. The superintendent and his assistant should afford the student a chance to learn each skill on the course. In addition, the student should be required to exhibit his or her understanding of the disciplines studied in school such as: - Turf and weed indentification - Tree and shrub indentification - Lime and fertilization - Safety in the use, handling, storage and disposal of pesticides controls and then turn him loose. This is not proper operator training and supervision. Proper training pro­ grams produce better work habits and less down time due to carelessness. Then we regularly spot the article in a trade journal con­ cerning repair or replace. There are as many formulae for solving this problem as articles. Manufacturers give us estimates of expected equipment life, and trade articles show us equipment still in use that is 30 years old. Somewhere in between we must find the answer to good preventative maintenance, operator diligence and periodic overhaul. This must be accomplished by the superinten­ dent committing himself to some basic principles: list Inventory all available equipment and condition. (Show purchase dates and prices) Get rid of your “ junk pile” . Junk is worth cash. Put all equipment required to get the job done and prepare your justification for its purchase. I can hear the outcry, “ That’s okay for you guys with big budgets, but how about us superintendents at the small 9 hole courses?” The question here is not one of affluence of the club, but of the degree of professionalism of the individual superintendent. We are speaking of ris­ ing above the mist to see the reality of our profession. Be­ ing employed at a small club is not an excuse for ineptness. its (Continued on Page 23) \ ................................. Scotts fluid fungicide line is what you need to fight turf diseases Turf troubled by diseases? One of the ProTurt ,, Fluid Fungicide products will help: • Fluid Fungicide prevents and controls dollar spot, brown patch, red leaf spot and pink snow mold • Fluid Fungicide II prevents and controls Pythium blight and damping off, brown patch and dollar spot • Fluid Fungicide III prevents and controls anthracnose, leaf spot, dollar spot, brown patch and pink snow mold Ask your ProTurfw Tech Rep for details. Fred Anderson C.G.C.S. - Calibration of application equipment - Preventive maintenance procedures - Budget and accounting procedures Once the student has been exposed to the various duties on the course and given a reasonable time to com­ prehend the HOW and, most importantly the WHY, the superintendent has to accurately evaluate each student. This is a commitment made to the school when he accepts a student for employment. To do less would allow unqualified individuals to enter the field and further dilute our efforts to be professional. the responsibility These two areas will increase your duties and cut into free time. However, it will also raise you above the mist and expose you as a professional. Often we are hesitant to share our knowledge and experience with young peo­ ple entering the field . This is inconsistent with our efforts to conduct conferences, seminars, and local meetings to share ideas and experiences. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES to This is an area in which we are reluctant to thoroughly investigate alternatives. It is easy to check price lists or make a phone call and insert a figure. Better yet, the easy way out for many unprofessional superintendents is to just add 10% figures. Although more troublesome, a complete breakdown of unit prices can save 6-10% of many the course. Breakdown of unit cost does not only mean cost per gallon, pound, etc., but cost of handling, application, storage, value of technical service and availability. items used on last year’s Too often, we use what the fellow down the street uses because it must be good and, besides, that’s easier than coming up with your own programs. If you really want to know what his products are worth, ask him to see a label. That Cadillac will soon be out of your driveway. How about the guy on the phone from New York or Chicago who has the answer to your weed problems? The only answers this guy has are the ones written on a prepared sheet in front of him. When you talk to this fellow, you are really down in the mist; with a worn broom. When you walk in a materials storage area cluttered with 55 gallon drums of water, from these high pressure sales tactic, question the superintendent’s professionalism. When you list a material or supply item on the budget, know what you are buying, what it can or cannot do for you, and that it is the best value available. Analyze the amount of active ingredients and reduce it to cost per ap­ plication. Determine your requirements, contact your reputable suppliers, discuss optional materials and price rates and then make your decision in a professional manner. MAINTENANCE This is probably the least predictable of all items in the management process. It would appear that no amount of historical recording, equipment record keeping or daily preventative maintenance can accurately predict future requirements. There seems to be one reasonable pro­ cedure that will minimize maintenance cost - diligent operator training and supervision. Most generally we are content to acquaint a man with a machine, show him the —21 SPECIFY THE BEST FOR YOUR GOLF COURSE W a rre n 's " TerraBom T PUTTING GREEN CONSTRUCTION SANDTRAP LINING SLOPE EROSION CONTROL T e rra B o n d O verlapped Fnbnc "v , T e rra B o n d Use TerraBond as a replacement for the usual 2" coarse sand layer between the greens mix and the gravel drainfield. The fabric will eliminate downward migration of the mix into the gravel and the subsequent reduction of water flow from the green. TerraBond’s high water permeability and highly engineered uniform density and EOS (AOS) make it an ideal fabric for this use. It will not rot in the soil-water environment. Its horizontal (planar) flow characteristic moves excess water horizontally out to the sides. Line the entire golf sand trap with TerraBond, including 6" under the surrounding sod. The sod’s roots will knit the fabric to the soil beneath. Clay and rocks will be totally restricted from moving up into the sand. Sand wash-down in rainstorms will be dramati­ cally reduced, because TerraBond interrupts the interface of sand/soil. Rakeup will be greatly reduced. Time will be saved. Also, “ wrap the it flowing gravel” indefinitely. TerraBond’s polyester will resist chemical and ultraviolet degradation. in the trap drain to keep TerraBond is utilized beneath cut slope stone protection (rip-rap) as shown above. The fabric provides long-term confinement of cut slope or fill material. Being constructed of soft and pliable needle- punched polyester, TerraBond will remain stable and in spite of potential exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays and/or concentrated hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel fuel, oil or hydraulic fluid. for many years, functional in weed control, gravel path filtration, subsurface drainage, retaining wall TerraBond also can be used construction, patio construction and planter filtration/separation. Warren's T e r r a S h i e l d " THE EXPERTS AGREE Polyester t Geotextile Ground Covering ... the best greens BLANKET in the business. Winter 1984-1985 Wind Desiccation Damage Test on bentgrass greens (Univ. of Nebraska-Test compared the protection of TerraShield cover with clear plastic cover and uncovered control area.) • Desiccation injury around test site was severe. Uncovered control area had 60% damage. TerraShield covered area had no injuries. Control area produced only 36% of the green cover obtained under TerraShield blanket. • Green-up occurred 24 days earlier with TerraShield . . . and remained significantly greener than the uncovered control area for 21 days after cover was removed. ^ • TerraShield produced 3 times the recuperative potential of the control area . . . and twice that of clear plastic covered area. • TerraShield enhanced soil temperature compared to uncovered control area. • TerraShield remained in place all winter with no ripping or tearing despite heavy winds. *CALL FOR MORE INFORMAT/ON, SAM PLER AND WHO PRICING. ¡C entury Rain 31691 Dequindre Madison Heights, Ml 48071 313-588-2992 22159 Telegraph Southfield, Ml 48034 313-358-2994 3400 Jefferson, S.E. Grand Rapids, Ml 49508 313-452-3373 CALL TOLL FREE number MICHIGAN 1-800-544-9219 - 2 2 - 7 IMAGE (Continued from Page 21) IRRIGATION least understood expenditures on This is an item that is coming of age, and yet one of the the course. Members are completely at the mercy of the fast talkers. We ask why the superintendent is not in a stronger posi­ tion to assist the club in selecting their irrigation system. Most of us know the answer. We are not acquiring the knowledge necessary to understand the many problems associated with planning the system. Who should be more concerned with such information as layout, pipe sizing, distribution, pumping stations, automation and specifications than the Golf Course Superintendent? The Architect? (He can advise, but generally is not qualified). The Contractor? (He is qualified and knowledgeable, but not commited to the interest of the club). The Irrigation Consultant? (He is self-employed to operate over a wide area and mostly not available). And, last but not least, the Club member who is a local plumber? We have all seen the results of a plumber’s spigot-system. It behooves the professional superintendent to make himself aware of irrigation priniciples, design, perfor­ mance, installation and automation along with the up to date equipment available. The choice is ours; we can take an active part in the acquistion of a new system or gripe about what a lousy system someone else stuck our club with and left us to straighten out. LANDSCAPING We all have members who want to see the course pro­ gress aesthetically. This means take no trees out or add trees everywhere, put shrubs around all trees, to add to our maintenance headaches, and trees over every green to provide shade and roots for added problems. Usually, we end up with trash trees, such as Sweetgum, Poplar and occasionally some Hickory. The professional superintendent should be familiar with the plant materials indigenous to his locale and their characteristics. This is where the help of a Landscape Architect comes in han­ dy. Develop a friendship and seek his advise on maintenance free materials. If a tree program is to be established, get the help of a competent Golf Course Architect to prepare a Master Plan. Once approved, such a program can be carried out in stages as prioritites dictate. The professional superintendent does not haphazardly start planting trees without thought to the game, maintenance or aesthetics. What you may consider a masterpiece this year could end up as a nightmare in the course of 8-10 years. CONSTRUCTION & RECONSTRUCTION According to the GCSSA Organizational Job Descrip­ tion, the superintendent is an expert in this area. The question is - Where does he acquire this expertise? It cer­ tainly isn’t as routine as mowing or spraying. Most general­ ly, the average superintendent never gets the opportuni­ ty to gian the experience necessary. He may, in a career, become involved in actual supervision or construction of various phases, but not the complete picture. —23— It would seem that the aspiring professional would make the extra effort to learn accepted fundamentals of good construction. Visit the course being built in your area and ask questions. Observe methods and results. Do not ac­ cept all that you see or hear at face value. Try to glean information from the architect, contractor and superinten­ dent. Question your USGA representative. This type of investigation is what will raise you above the mist and enable you to see it altogether. CONCLUSIONS This writer hopes that these words will encourage you to consider your role as a member of this profession. The word professional denotes one who has explored all aspects of his profession and had prepared himself for problems which he will face and be required to make an intelligent decision. The fact that a club hires someone to take care of it’s golf course and calls him a superinten­ dent, greenkeeper, etc. has no meaning unless the in­ dividual knows what he is and what his capabilities are to accomplish the myriad of tasks which he shall face. Joining an organization does not change your status unless you have accepted the responsibility to prepare yourself for the profession you have chosen. Make the most of your association with fellow superintendents. It will help your professional horizons. Remember! You will never be a professional Golf Course Superintendent until your fellow members and the general public recognize and accept you as one. CREDIT: The Georgia Turfgrass News Duosan - the Double Duty” Fungicide. Duosan® turf and ornamental fungicide gives you sys­ temic and contact control of both turf and ornamental disease problems. Duosan controls Dollar spot, Brown patch, Copper spot, Red thread, Leaf spot, and more on turf, as well as major diseases on ornamental trees, shrubs, and flowers. Put the “double duty” fungicide to work for you. Contact your Sierra distributor today. SIERRA 1-800-346-0201 Duosan r © 1989 Sierra Crop Protection Co. Duosan is a registered trademark of Sierra Crop Protection Co STFRRA L J J - L i l . V E . V i n . F o r Details Call: BRIGHTON -313/632-5640 LOCAL 800/482-3130 w ats BRADLEY — 313/792-2241 LOCAL 800/632-1998 w ats AMTURF formerly Cowbell Seeds TURF GRASS SPECIALIST M IXES and BLENDS • Reel Compound • Edging • Landscape Supplies • Tools • Chemicals • Fertilizer Quality Service Prom pt Delivery -24— beautiful Otierbine fountains voay to improve any fjolf Course setting • Reduce Odors and Algae • Dramatic Sparkling Beauty • 3 Different Spray Patterns • Lighting Packages Available for Nighttime Enhancement • Soothing Sound Call for Free Catalog n ~ „ r, Ask about our • DESIGN SERVICE • BUDGET ESTIMATES • SUPPLIES /Century Rain Am/ r z i _ - W 3400 Jefferson S.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49508 (616) 452-3373 Actidone PMAS Caddy Caffein Cadminate Thiram Aspirin Banner Koban Rubigan Salt Chipco 26019 Ethyl Alcohol Dyrene Alliette Fore Fungo 50 Banol Daconil 2787 Tersan 1991 PCNB Cleary’s 3336 FUNGICIDES Oral LD50 [2] [__ 40] [____ 88] [_______ 250] [__________ 660 [_____________780] [_____________780] [_______________ 1517] [__________________ 2000] [_____________________2500] [________________________ 3320] [__________________________ 3500] [_____________________________ 3750] [________________________________5000] [__________________________________ 5800] [___________________________________________7500] [___________________________ ________________7500] [_____________________________________________ 7860] [______________________________________________________10000] [______________________________________________________10000] [________________________________________________________________________________ 15000] [________________________________________________________________________________ 15000] 0 12000 10000 14000 4000 2000 6000 8000 16000 —25— M A T T H E W S & AS S O C IA TE S , P.C. G O L F C O U R S E A R C H I T E C T U R E L A N D S C A P E A R C H , T E C ! U R E f l 1: G E R A L D H. 'J e r r y ' M A T T H E W S J Z ' / * ’: 9373 East Herbison Road Laingsburg, Michigan 48848 51 7-641-6882 and 51 7-371-4511 l : ' vii v " ''' . ’: y < W. BR U C E M A T T H E W S 0-16920 Tim ber Dune Drive Grand Haven, Michigan 4941 7 616-846-1502 MEMBER AMERICAN SOCIETY OF GOLF COURSE ARCHITECTS Turf Chemicals Inc. 1011 E. Main P.O. Box 451 Owosso, Michigan 48867 (517) 725-7145 ★ RUSS HANCOCK ★LOU BECKMAN ★JIM HYDE ★ FRED MILLER ★TED KASEL FOR ALL OF YOUR FERTILIZER, CHEMICAL AND GRASS SEED NEEDS EXPERIENCED, DEPENDABLE PEOPLE TO SERVE YOU ^ a b n m û i < = ò STOCKING THESE FINE PRODUCTS FOR PROMPT SERVICE F U N G IC ID E S IN S E C T IC ID E S H E R B IC ID E S W E T T IN G AG EN TS T E E & GREEN A C C E S S O R IE S S P R IN K L IN G E Q U IP M E N T PVC P IP E & F IT T IN G S WEST MICHIGAN DISTRIBUTORS OF M Î I o r g a n ï t e FERTILIZER 1042 MICHIGAN ST., N.E. • GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49503 • P.O. BOX 2411 PHONE (616) 458-1546 —26— MIX WITH THE RIGHT COMPANY Highest Purity Non Calcareous Silica Sand Available Throughout North America Bunker Sand Colors White, Buff and Black Topdressing Sand and Sand/Soil Mixes Meeting Your Specifications Portable Blending Plant for Onsite Mixing Laboratory Analysis With Every Load Producing Sand and Construction Mixes Since 1946 1-800 -537-1796 M G F ^ f SPONSOR MEMBER NATIONAL GOLF FOUNDATION Top Guns for Turf Diseases. Used alone or in com bination, Vorlan" and Fungo'" tu rf fungicides provide unequalled control of m ajor tu rf d iseases. T h e synergistic effects of ju st one oun ce each of Vorlan and Fungo in a tank m ix p re­ vents these six m ajor turf diseases: D ollar spot, Brow n patch , Leaf spot, A nthracnose, Red thread, and M elting out. C ontact your ______ Sierra distributor today Vorlan Fungo SIE R R A 1 -8 0 0 -3 4 6 -0 2 0 1 ___________________r €) 1989 Sierra Crop Protection Co. Vorlan is used as a trademark and Fungo is a registered trademark ol Sierra Crop Protection Cc S T F R R A 453-3212 IF NO ANSWER 4 5 3 -3 2 1 3 OR MARNE 677-1070 IN D U S T R IA L C O M M E R C IA L • R E S ID E N TIA L WELLS and PUMPS 4 " and LARGER PU M P SALES & SERVICE DEEP W ELL TURBINE 8. SUBMERSIBLE 4 " RESIDENTIAL WELLS GIVEN SPECIAL ATTENTION FAST ROTARY DRILLING SOIL TEST BORING & ANALYSIS EARTH RESISTIVITY SURVEYS ENGINEERED GROUND WATER SUPPLIES WE SPECIALIZE IN GOLF COURSE WELLS & PUMPS 3311 3 MILE RD., N.W. • GRAND RAPIDS —27— A P P LIC A T IO N FO R M E M B E R S H IP WESTERN MICHIGAN GOLF COURSE SUPERINTENDENTS ASSOCIATION (A NON-PROFIT MICHIGAN CORPORATION) Date_____________, 19______ □ Class A $35.00 □ Class B $25.00 □ Class D $50.00 □ Honorary Name (Please print) Residence _____________________________________________________________________________ (Wife) (Initial) (First) (Last) _____________________________________________________________________(____) ___ (Number and Street) (Phone) (City) (State) (Zip) Employment ____________________________________________________________________________ (Club or Employer) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(— (Number and Street) ) - (Phone) (City) (State) (Zip) Preferred Mailing Address □ Home Address □ Business Address Are you a member of GCSAA? □ Yes □ No Are you certified (C.G.C.S.) by GCSAA? □ Yes □ No Exact title of your present position_____________________________________________________________________ EXAMPLES: (Sup’t. of Grounds)(Sup’t.-Manager)(Sup’t.-Pro)(Ass’t. Sup’t)(Other) I have been employed at my present position for______years. Prior to this I had been employed as follows: (Please state type of work engaged in) Each application MUST be signed by two Class A members of the Association who will certify as to reliability of the Applicant. Attested___________________________________________ Club Attested___________________________________________ Club Applicant’s Signature__________________ PLEASE RETURN COMPLETED FORM TO THIS ADDRESS: Keith E. Paterson 6442 E. Encantado Ct. Rockford, Ml 49341 —28— Office Use Only Received P aid ____ Approved MILLER WEST, iwc. TURF EQUIPMENT 274 Mart St., S.W., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49508 (616) 241-4481 Handle Big Jobs In Small Places Digging, loading, trenching and backfill work, this compact powerhouse can do it all. The Ingersoll loader/backhoe is built tough, from the ground up. Welded steel channel frame and cast iron, rear axle are all engineered for heavy loads and long hours. The loader is designed and built as an integral part of the tractor and frame, solid and durable, with heavy lift arms and a reinforced bucket. Single lever control to raise, lower, float, and dump. A built in speed stroke on dump saves time. The backhoe goes into action fast with quick setting stabilizer pads. To simplify operation, swing and boom control are on a single lever, crowd and bucket on a second. A wide choice of heavy duty buckets adds versatility. Hydraulic drive makes operation quick and easy. Con­ trol direction with hand lever, travel speed with a foot pedal. Dual range axle saves more time for greater productivity. Built in dynamic braking offers excellent control. Standard power steering makes it easy. The entire system, loader, backhoe, power steering and traction drive operate through a tandem hydraulic pump mounted directly to the engine crankshaft with a flexible coupling. A built in oil cooler and reservoir keeps the system operating at top efficiency. Trouble free and highly reliable. There is an A e rifyin g A lte rn a tive Golf Courses Stadium Resorts Athletic Facilities . 1 * 5 7 Û ’iWi *'v y» ^ v ~ .* j- J**»- !W#I •; "* * m *. ♦ **«• *• «is T * w CoreMaster. Your new aeration answer. Move forward (not backwards!) with CoreMaster. $% %. * *- ^ Great news for golf course superinten­ dents in charge of greens, tees and fairways, and turf managers for athletic fields (football, baseball, soccer), and sport turf grass. It’s CoreMaster 12, the world’s finest hollow core aeration sys­ tem, backed by five years of technology, engineering and experience by the pro­ fessionals at GreenCare International. For the first time ever, CoreMaster en­ ables your turf grass staff to improve aeration methods, speed compaction relief and thatch control with a built-in variable depth and pattern control sys­ tem, and the strongest power source. CoreMaster is the most innovative and advanced hollow core aeration system on the market today. Hard working, fast and versatile on all natural turf grass surfaces, CoreMaster aerates easily and efficiently. The result stimulates natural turf growth, insuring a healthier, safer, and more beautiful grass surface. Put these CoreMaster advantages to work on your field and enjoy the benefits of features like these: □ fastest capacity ever and safest □ patented mechanical simplicity— fewer moving parts more about CoreMaster, the best answer to- day to meet your turf grass aeration needs. □ low mainten­ ance and great reliability — built to last! □ touch control for coring depths and patterns with several tine sizes [ ] new state of the art “quadra-tine” system, never before available ( ] highest efficien­ cies by rapid change, a totally flexible system I I additional attach­ ments, verti- cutting, seeding, core pick up systems and more Be the first, find out The World's Most Advanced Turf Aeration System I want to go forward today Mall to: ---------- ---------------------------- 18691 Plumosa Street. Fountain Valley, CA92708 □ Please have a GreenCare distributor contact me about Coremaster □ I'd like to arrange a test here at my location Phone (714) 968-8085 Mail to authorized Greencare distributor Uaton (Equipment &erbice & &ale0 151 N. PERRY PONTIAC, MICHIGAN 48058 (313) 858-7700 WESTERN VIEWS’ 6442 E. Encantado Ct., N.E. Rockford, MI 49341 Bulk Rate U.S. Postage PAID Permit #6 Rockford, Ml ü o o k i n g h a rn P 01 0 r Ttir f g r a s s I n f o r « W - 2 1 2 L i b r a r y E a s t L a n s i n g MI C e n te r 4 8 8 2 4 3