(Formerly  Grand  R apids  Elks)

Western  Views

Official  Publication  of the  W.M.G.C.S.A.

Novem ber /  D ecem ber 

1990

Aqua-Master  Fountains

NEW  FOUNTAIN  LINE  --  A variety  of aerators  and fountains  are  now 

available to  Century customers with the addition  of the Aqua-Master 
fountains.  Aqua-Master fountains produce  a variety  of spray  patterns  and 
stimulate natural biological  water cleanup  in ponds.  Aqua-Master fountains 
feature externally mounted  seals  for easy maintenance,  and  interchangeable 
nozzles  for  a variety  of  spray patterns.

¡Cehtury Rain AidI

31691  Dequindre 

22159 Telegraph

Madison Heights, Ml 48071 

Southfield, Ml 48034

313-588-2992 

313-358-2994

3400 Jefferson, S.E. 

Grand Rapids, Ml 49508 

313-452-3373

CALL  TOLL  FREE  number  MICHIGAN  1-800-544-9219

1990  WMGCSA  OFFICERS

Fred  Pastoor,  C.G.C.S.............................................................. President

Muskegon  Country  Club,  Muskegon,  Michigan 

616/759-0694

Chris  Fochtman,  C.G.C.S...............................................Vice  President

Green  Ridge  Country Club,  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan 

616/784-6597

Paul  Schippers........................................................ Secretary  Treasurer

Moors  Country  Club,  Portage,  Michigan 

616/323-2680

Roger  Barton..................................................................... Past  President

Blythefield  Country  Club,  Belmont,  Michigan 

616/363-5945

Directors

Doug  Boyle
Oakland Hills  Country  Club,  Birmingham,  Ml 
313/644-3352
Bill  Fountain
Timber Ridge  Country Club,  Lansing,  Ml 
517/339-8000
Bill  Madigan,  C.G.C.S.
Jackson  Country Club,  Jackson,  Ml 
517/ 787-0651
Larry  Murphy
Pine  View Golf Club,  Three  Rivers,  Ml 
616/279-5131
Paul  Richter
Spring Lake  C.C.,  Spring Lake,  Ml 
616/842-4840
Harry  Schuemann,  C.G.C.S.
The  Highlands,  Grand Rapids,  Ml 
616/453-0705

Editorial  Committee

Chairman-Advertising.......................................................... Paul  Richter
Spring  Lake  C.C.  -  616/842-4840

Advertisers

Please patronize  them  as  they have made  this  newsletter possible.

Arthur  Hills  &  Associates 
Benham  Chemical 
C  &  R  Grinding 
D  &  C  Distributors 
Century  Golf  Team 
Ellis  Sales
J.  John  Gorney,  Inc. 
Grand  Rapids  Tree 
Ideal  Mower 
Jennings
Lebanon  Total  Turf  Care 
LESCO

Matthews  &  Associates,  P.C. 
Miller  West 
Mollema  &  Son 
NorAm  Chemical 
Nugent  Sand  Co.
O.M.  Scott 
Parmenter  &  Andre 
Raymer  Pump 
Spartan  Distributors 
Standard  Sand 
T.C.I.
T urfgRASS
UAP  Special  Products

TURFGRASS INC.

Serving you better with ..

Technical information 
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Free timely delivery

... Quality products

Fertilizers

Chemicals

The Andersons, Lebanon 
Country Club, Nitroform, Turfgrass

Dupont,  Ampel,  Ciba-Geigy,  W.A. 
Cleary,  Chipco,  Daconil,  Mobay, 
Elanco,  NAIAD,  Dow,  Monsanto,  Bio 
Greenskeeper,  Agri  Diagnostics, 
Mallinckrodt, Nor-Am, Riverdale, Pana 
Sea, Miller, Agri-Plex 4X

Seeds

Northrup King 
Medalist Turf Products

Spreaders & 
Sprayers

Cyclone, Spyker, Back Pack, Wheely, 
Spray-Hawk

Golf Supplies

Lewisline,  Par  Aide,  Standard,  Fore- 
Par,  Yankee,  United  Stockmen,  Chix, 
Fox Valley

Safety Equipment Mine Safety Equipment

Soil Management Grid System, TerraFlow, TerraBond, 

TerraCover

Markers

Richway, Blazon

1-313-437-1427

Office

1-800-521-8873
(Michigan  Only)

Jim  Bogart
Turfgrass Agronomy
Gene  Johanningsmeier
Turfgrass Agronomy
Kimberly  Olson
Sales  Representative

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GRAND  RAPIDS  WAREHOUSE

1- 800- 482-6520

TOLLFREE

24800  Industrial  Drive 
Farmington  Hills,  MI  48331

CECIL F.  KERR 

WESTERN  MICHIGAN  MANAGER 

RESIDENCE:  616-381-2586

RUSS SNOW 

SALES  REPRESENTATIVE 

RESIDENCE:  616-375-3076

BUD SHAW

SALES REPRESENTATIVE 

RESIDENCE:  616-926-7480

KEEP  IT GREEN 

WITH

B e n h a m  C h e m ic a l s

RICHTER  RAMBLINGS

A  wet and  windy  autumn  has  passed  and  who  knows 
what  the  winter  of  1990  and  1991  has  in  store.  Even  if 
the weather is a mystery, certainly these months allow us 
to  reflect  on  the  past  growing  season,  regroup  for  the 
future,  and  refurbish the  equipment.  This  slower time of 
year affords some time to relax and rejuvenate your rela­
tionship  with  the  family.

Crystal Springs Golf Course  is the latest challenge for 
Harry Schuemann, moving into the superintendent’s posi­
tion  there.  Congratulations!

A  little  late  on  the  bulb  article,  but  good  reading 

nonetheless.

Flash!!  W.  Bruce  Matthews,  Golf  Course  Architect, 
Owner of Grand Haven Golf Club, and long time member 
of  G.C.S.A.A.  and  W.M.G.C.S.A.,  will  receive  the  1991 
Distinguished  Service  Award  from  the  G.C.S.A.A.  The 
award will be presented at the opening session of the 62nd 
International  Golf  Course  Conference  and  Show  in  Las 
Vegas.

In the past year as editor of ‘Western Views’ I have tried 
to make the newsletter, eh, magazine, urn, newsletter en­
joyable  to  read.  I  hope  that you  have  liked  it.  Next year 
there will  be some changes to be shown  at a  later date.

To close out  1990  I  would  like to take this opportunity 
to  wish  the  readers  of  ‘Western  Views’  a  Merry  and 
Blessed Christmas and a Happy New Year. Amid the com­
mercial hype of this season of giving, remember what the 
first  six  letters  of  Christmas  (not  X-mas)  spell,  and  that 
the  giving  we  do  is  in  His  name.

DATES  TO  REMEMBER

DECEMBER  22

Underground  Storage  Tank  Registration  deadline  per 
State  of  Michigan.  Call  (517)  373-6242.

JANUARY  10

Turfgrass  Management  Shortcourse  begins  in  Grand 
Rapids.  See  Page  7  for  details.

JANUARY  20-23

Midwest  Turf  Conference  and  Show.  Indianapolis,  IN 
(317) 494-8039.

JANUARY  21-23

61st  Michigan  Turfgrass  Conference  in  Lansing,  Ml 
(517)  353-9022.

FEBRUARY  5-12

62nd  International Golf Course Conference and Show in 
Las  Vegas,  NV  (913)  841-2240.

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Standard Sand Corporation
P.O.  Box 290
Grand  Haven,  Michigan  49417
Contact:  Roy Hanson 
(616)  842-5180

Rain Bird’s Links Master

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Priced At Less 
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Call For Your 
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Links Master brings you a new dimension of irrigation control at an affordable price!

• Linking permits uninterrupted watering between groups and

eliminates the need for cycle time calculations, dramatically 
reducing costly pump cycling. Syringe starts, irrigation 
starts, or both may be linked.

• Stacking up to four irrigation starts and four syringe starts

eliminates the need to calculate cycle lengths.

• Stacking and linking of syringe starts can provide total

irrigation control from the master.

• Separate syringe timing, with each group and each station

having its own syringe timing provides absolute flexibility in 
setting specific schedules for individual areas.

• Field back-up is offered through each field satellite’s ability to

operate as a self-sufficient, stand-alone controller.

• Upgradeable to a MAXI central control system without future

disruption to the golf course.

• Uses low voltage communications wire
• Auto and manual operation from field satellites increases

operation convenience.

• Sensor reaction switch can cancel any activity in progress and
prevent any new activity in response to input from a wide 
variety of sensors.

• Cancel switch for each group returns all field satellites to

“rest”, even if started from the field.

• Expandable to up to six groups of satellites for greater schedul­

ing flexibility.

• Automatic programming permits any combination of syringe
or irrigation starts up to  14 days in advance, with up to 23 
starts per day, per group.

• Manual syringe and manual irrigation starts available at master.

Call Now To Have A Certified Irrigation Designer 
Help You Develop A System To Suit Your Needs

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GSAA  EDUCATIONAL  PROGRAM 
EARNS  NATIONAL  ACCREDITATION

golf  course  maintenance  practices  and  to  sharpen  the 
management  skills  of  golf  course  superintendents.

GCSAA’s  correspondence  coursework  is  also  includ­
ed under the accreditation. The association introduced its 
first correspondence course covering media relations for 
the golf course superintendent, last year; correspondence 
training  courses  for  undergound  storage  tank  manage­
ment  and  hazard  communication  are  planned  for  1991.
Nearly  3,500  participants  attended  GCSAA’s  38  con­
ference  seminars  and  30  regional  seminars  during  the 
1989-90 academic year. Another 81  seminars are plann­
ed  for  1990-91.

62nd International Golf Course 

Conference & Show 
Februaiy 5-12,  1991

Scotts« fluid fungicide 
line is what you need 
to fight turf diseases

Turf troubled by diseases? One of the ProTuif« Fluid
Fungicide products will help:
• FluidFungicide prevents and controls dollar spot, 

brown patch, red leaf spot and pink snow mold

• Fluid Fungicide II prevents and controls Pythium blight 

and damping off, brown patch and dollar spot

• Fluid Fungicide III prevents and controls anthracnose, 
leaf spot, dollar spot, brown patch and pink snow mold

A sk your ProTurfcK, Tech Rep for details.

Fred  Anderson  C.G.C.S.

The continuing education programming offered by the 
Golf  Course  Supterintendents  Association  of  America 
(GCSAA)  has  earned  official  accreditation  from  the  Ac­
crediting Council for Continuing  Education and Training 
(ACCET). ACCET is recognized by the U.S.  Secretary of 
Education  as  the  official  accrediting  agency  for  non- 
collegiate  continuing  education.

“ Receiving  accreditation  confirms  our  belief  that 
GCSAA  offers  topflight  educational  benefits  to  our 
members,”   said  John  M.  Schilling,  GCSAA  executive 
director.  “ Few  professional  associations  take this  extra 
step  to  ensure  quality  education  for  their  members.”

GCSAA’s  senior director of education  and  marketing, 
Colleen Smalter Pederson, added that,  “ We chose to pur­
sue  accreditation  to  get  public  verification  of the  scope 
and  quality  of  GCSAA's  educational  programs.  It  is  im­
portant  to  us  to  have  our  programs  measured  against 
established  standards.”

The ACCET Accrediting Commission voted Aug.  18 to 
approve GCSAA for full accreditation status, culminating 
a  two-year  preparation,  application  and  evaluation  pro­
cess.  Full accreditation recognizes the association’s cur­
rent  curriculum  of  more  than  50  one-day  and  two-day 
seminars  designed  to  provide  information  on  up-to-date

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TEXTRON

WEATHER  RHYMES  AND  REASONS

Those old sayings are surpirsingly accurate.  Here’s why.
Ancient mariners and farmers didn’t have satellites and 
computers  to  help  them  forecast  the  weather.  They 
observed the sky, winds and clouds.  Eventually, patterns 
emerged and people made up sayings to remember them.
We  now  realize that behind  the folklore often  lies  real 
science. Here are several time-tested rhymes and sayings, 
and  the  meteorological  reasoning  backing  them  up: 

Hen’s  scratchings  and mares’  tails  make  tall 

ships  carry low sails.

“ Hens’ scratchings and mares’ tails” refer to high-altitude 
cirrus  clouds.  During  fair  weather,  check  the  upper  at­
mosphere for these little clusters of wispy clouds that look 
like groups of apostrophes.  Forerunners of a low-pressure 
storm  system,  they  often  follow  a  fair-weather,  high- 
pressure  system.

If  a  lower,  thicker  veil  of  clouds  trails  in  behind  the 
mares' tails, the picture looks bleaker still: “ The lower they 
get,  the  nearer  the  wet.”

Typically, the hens’ scratchings give you about 15 hours 
of warning before the rain arrives,  but remember:  “ Long 
foretold,  long  last;  short  notice,  soon  past.”  If  lower, 
thicker clouds seem to take forever to arive, then the slow- 
moving  front  generally will  take  even  longer to  leave.  If

the cloud level falls rapidly, your wet spell should be short 
and  sweet.

A backing  wind says  storms  are  nigh.  A 

veering  wind will clear the  sky.

If  you  notice 

Winds  are  named  according  to  where  they  originate: 
westerlies blow from west to east, and so on. Fair-weather 
winds  tend  to  blow  from  the  west  or  north,  while  bad- 
weather winds usually howl from the southwest, south or 
east. 
(shifting 
counterclockwise from westerly to southwesterly,  for ex­
ample),  expect  worsening  weather.  Likewise, 
if  the 
weather  has  been  poor  and  the  wind  veers  (shifts 
clockwise,  say,  from  southwesterly  to  westerly),  you 
should  be  seeing  a  change  for the  better.

the  wind  backing 

Red sky  at morning,  sailor  take  warning;  red 

sky  at night,  sailor’s  delight.

Fair  weather  involves  high-pressure  air  masses  com­
posed of dry, stagnant air rich in dust and haze. Low-angle 
light from the rising and setting sun appears  red  in such 
air; thus, a fiery display at sunset indicates high-pressure 
air  lying  hundreds  of  miles  to  the  west,  the  direction  of 
the  prevailing 
the  Northern 
Hemisphere.  Conversely,  a  crimson  dawn  signals  that 
high-pressure air has already passed eastward,  increas­
ing  the  odds  that  what  follows  will  be  wet.

fair-weather  winds 

in 

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Ring  around the  moon,  rain  by noon;  ring 
around the  sun,  rain  before  night is  done.

So  says  weather-folklorist  Don  Haggerty,  author  of 
Rhymes to Predict the Weather. Atmospheric ice crystals 
scatter the  light  of  the  sun  and  moon,  creating  rings  or 
halos.  High cirrus clouds,  which form the  most common 
halos, often indicate poor weather is 12 to 18 hours away. 
Halos may appear to grow as the cloud  level  lowers and 
the  depression  draws  nearer.  “ The  bigger the  ring,  the 
nearer  the  wet.”

When  the  dew is  on  the  grass,  rain  will 

never come  to pass.

Clear  skies  at  night  lower  temperatures  enough  for 
humidity to  condense  as  dew.  So  if  a  heavy  dew  forms 
on  a  summer  night,  expect  a  fair  day.

rain  before  night.”  This 

But  “ When grass is dry before the  morning  light,  look 
for 
if 
temperatures rise during the  night as a result of increas­
ing  cloud  cover.  “ If  night  has  a  fever,  it  cries  in  the 
morning.”

is  especially 

true 

Summer fog  will scorch  a  hog.

Elegant  it’s  not,  but the saying  often  rings true.  Clear 
skies  on  summer  nights  radiate  heat  and  drop  surface 
temperatures until moisture in the low-lying air condenses 
into  ground  fog.  Likewise,  fog  rarely  forms  over  land 
unless  the  air  is  nearly  still.  Clear  skies  and  still  air 
characterize high-pressure areas. Come morning, the sun 
shining  through  the  clear skies will  burn  off the fog  and 
scorch the skin of any hog careless enough to rise above 
the  muck.

When  the  glass  falls  low,  prepare  for a 

blow;  when  the  glass  is high,  let your kites 

fly.

Lousy weather arrives in low-pressure air masses. Wat­
ching  the  glass,  or  barometer,  in  conjunction  with  the 
cloud  progression  (lowering  or  rising  ceiling)  and  wind 
shifts (veering or backing) let you monitor the three most 
important variables in foretelling the weather. Other signs 
can also warn you of a drop  in  pressure:  headaches,  an 
arthritis  flare-up,  sleepiness.

If with your nose you  smell the  day,  stormy 

weather’s  on  the  way.

Plants release oils  into the atmosphere,  and  research 
indicates that the  higher the  humidity,  the  more oils the 
plants give off.  This  produces the distinctive odor  many 
of  us recognize when  we say,  “ Smells  like  rain  today.”
While rhymes such as these helped past generations, 
the wisest of the old-timers didn’t rely on a single couplet; 
they looked to see if a variety of clues matched up.  Hag­
gerty  sums  it  nicely:  “ One  indicator  makes  lucky  your 
guess.  Two  indications  make errors much  less.  So take 
the  weather  sign  at  its  word,  if  you  look  again  and  see 
a  third.”

Mind  you,  these  time-honored  forecasts  are  by  no 
means  infallible.  Then,  as  now,  the only  absolute  about 
weather  is  that  nothing  is  absolute.

CREDIT:  Condensed  from  Backpacker
Andy  Dappen

GUIDELINES  FOR  CONTROLLING  MOSS  IN  GREENS

Norman  Hummel,  Cornell  University

The quality of golf course greens by present day stan­
dards is often determined by greens’ speed. Golf course 
superintendents are mowing greens shorter and keeping 
the nitrogen fertility lower than ever before to obtain faster 
speeds.  A  consequence  of  these  practices  has  been  a 
reduction in turfgrass vigor to a point whereby the greens 
are much more prone to weed encroachment. One of the 
more  troublesome weeds  to  have  become  a  problem  is 
moss.

Until recently, the only known means of controlling moss 
was through the  use of mercury products.  With the sup­
port of the  Metropolitan  Golf Association,  research  was 
conducted  to  look  at  means  of  controlling  this  serious 
weed. This research identified both chemical and cultural 
tools that could  be  used  in  a  moss eradicating  program. 
Chemical  Control

Pesticides and other materials offer hope in controlling 
moss on bentgrass greens.  In the early spring,  moss com­
mences its growth much earlier than bentgrass,  giving  it 
an early competitive advantage.  Hydrated lime applied in 
late March at 3 to 5 pounds per 1000 square feet will burn 
back the moss during this period. The lime can be spread 
easily  if  mixed  with  a  dry  sand  topdressing.

An  effective  treatment  for  moss  control  would  be  the 
Scotts Goosegrass Control;  a betasan-ronstar combina­
tion.  Labelled for use on  bentgrass greens,  this  product

provided 83% control from only a single application. While 
this  product will  cause some discoloration,  it appears to 
be  one  of  the  more  promising  moss  control  products.

Siduron (Tupersan) and bentazon (Basagran) provided 
from  53%  to 74%  control  of  moss.  While they were  not 
quite as effective as the Scotts products, both siduron and 
bentazon  were  much  safer  since  no  injury  occured  for 
either  product.

You  should  note  that  with  the  exception  of bentazon, 
the  most  effective  treatments  are  preemergence  her­
bicides.  While  it  can’t  be  determined  from  these  trials 
whether the effect is pre or post emergence,  it should be 
mentioned  that the  herbicidal  activity of these  materials 
on  moss  was  chronic.  It  was  several  weeks  before  we 
noticed  any  significant  decrease  in  moss  populations. 
Cultural  Control

Chemicals only offer a partial solution to the moss pro­
blem. Unless cultural steps are taken to increase turfgrass 
vigor, chemical control of moss will be an ongoing battle. 
We  designed  studies to  look  at the  effects of cultivation 
techniques and fertility on  moss eradication. The results 
clearly demonstrated that culture can  be changed to the 
detriment  of  moss.

While silvery thread  moss will  tolerate  dry conditions, 
it is favored by an abundance of free water. Core cultiva­
tion  immediately  followed  by  sand  topdressing  would

create a system of  “ vertical  drains”  that would facilitate 
a rapid water removal of the surface. We found that moss 
removal  has  hastened  where  this  practice was  followed 
compared to core cultivation alone. Deep spiking was also 
beneficial  compared  to  core  cultivation  alone.

Nitrogen and iron are the most important tools in a moss 
eradication  program.  Moss control  improved  as the  rate 
of nitrogen was increased.  Moss was eliminated over two 
growing seasons from  plots that were  intially 40%  moss 
by  increasing  nitrogen  rates  to  about  0.8  lbs.  per  1000 
square  feet  per  growing  month  (6  lbs.  N/year).  Iron  ap­
plications at a rate of 6 ounces per 1000 square feet per 
month were beneficial during the first year,  especially at 
the  higher  rates of nitrogen.  Iron  had  no effect on  moss 
in  the  second  year.

Our  Sharpening  is  a  REEL  Grind

5082  Page Ave. 

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(517)764-1182

While  we  didn’t  measure  greens’  speeds,  these  high 
nitrogen treatments no doubt resulted  in slower speeds. 
The bottom  line though,  is if you have moss, you are go­
ing to have to at least temporarily increase nitrogen rates. 
Effects on  greens’  speeds  can  be  minimized  by  careful 
control of water, double cutting, or increasing potassium 
levels.

Moss control  research  has until  now  looked  at fertility 
and herbicides independently. Studies will be conducted 
this  year  to  look  at  combinations  of  herbicides  and 
nitrogen fertility in moss eradication “ programs” .  Perhaps 
this research will identify more reasonable nitrogen rates 
to use in conjunction with a herbicide program to elminiate 
the  moss  from  greens.

is  known 

information 

In  summary,  enough 

for  a 
superintendent to develop a legal moss control program. 
Early spring applications of hydrated lime, followed about 
a month later and in the early fall with a herbicide are the 
first  steps  in  controlling  moss.  Increasing  your  nitrogen 
levels during this  period will  no doubt  improve the  com­
petitive advantage of desireable grasses at the expense 
of  moss.  Furthermore,  control  your  soil  moisture  levels 
through careful irrigation and by providing good drainage 
throughout  the  soil  profile.

Golf  Course  M ower  Repair  and  Sharpening

CREDIT:  Our Collaborator,  Northeastern  GCSA
September  1990

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BUILD  A  WOOD-DUCK  CONDO

Wood ducks are the only waterfowl species that readi­
ly use artificial nesting structures. Populations of woodies, 
which  normally nest in hollow trees, ebbed to an all-time 
low  at  the  turn  of  the  century  because  much  of  their 
nesting  habitat  was  lost  to  extensive  American  logging 
practices.

Man-made  nesting  boxes  played  a  vital  role  in  the 
ducks’  comeback,  and  today building  them  is a  popular 
and  fruitful  craft  of  wildlife-watching  sportsmen  and 
conservationists.

Wood-duck  boxes  are,  in  fact,  superior to  the  natural 
nesting places of “ squealers,”  reports Frank Bellrose,  a 
wildlife specialist who has been studying wood ducks for 
over  50  years.

Bellrose,  an  advisor to  the  conservation  group  Wood 
Ducks Now, says that wood ducks nesting in tree cavities 
successfully  raise  clutches  only 37  percent  of the  time. 
But,  when  woodies  set  up  housekeeping  in  well-placed 
man-made nesting boxes, almost two-thirds of the brood 
hatches,  survives  and  flies  off to  further  perpetuate  the 
species.

‘ ‘This discrepancy is primarily due to predation of ducks 
and  their  eggs  by  raccoons,  rat  snakes,  starlings  and 
squirrels,”  Bellrose notes.  “ In other words, a man-made 
box can be made fairly predator-proof, but a natural cavi­
ty  is  prone  to  intrusion  by varmints.”

Southern  sportsmen can  make a simple and  inexpen­
sive  nesting  box  from  10  linear feet  of  rough-cut  cedar, 
cypress  or  other  weather-resistant  lumber.

“ There are several key things to remember when con­
structing  the  box,”  Bellrose  says.  “ First,  its  entrance 
should be a 4-inch-wide by 3-inch-high oval. This will keep 
raccoons weighing over 10 pounds out of the box. Second­
ly,  a wire-mesh  or  hardware-cloth  “ ladder”  must  be  in­
stalled along the box’s inside front, from its bottom to the 
entrance hole. This provides the ducklings a way of escap­
ing  the  nest.”

Bellrose  adds  that  since  wood  ducks  do  not  collect 
nesting materials, a 3-inch layer of sawdust or wood shav­
ings should  be placed  in the box-bottom just prior to the 
nesting  season,  which  takes  place  in  early  February 
throughout  the  South.

When assembling the duck house, use only zinc-coated 

nails,  which  are  rust-resistant.

Bellrose reports that duck food is an important concern 
when  choosing  a  nesting-box  site.  “ Proteins are  critical 
during  nesting season,”   he says.  “ They  provide energy 
for egg-laying, and for the ducklings’ growth and survival. 
Wood  ducks  obtain  protein  from  insects  plucked  from 
aquatic  vegetation  along  shores  and  water  surfaces.”

A freshwater marsh  is the  most  productive type of en­
vironment for wood ducks, says the biologist, adding that 
the  colorful  wildfowl  like  living  around  placid  pools  and 
overhanging woody cover.  Farm  ponds are superb loca­
tions  in  which  to  place  boxes.

Since tree-mounted duck houses are easy to scale by 
predators,  Bellrose  recommends fastening the  boxes to

Over 

aqua pura,  the  house-bottoms  should  set  about 

pre-cut  lengths  of  metal  pipe.

“ The safest site for nesting woodies is a box which  is 
mounted on a metal pipe and set over water a few yards 
from  shore.  A coat of axle grease will  reduce  predation, 
and  a  cone-shaped  sheet-metal  predator  guard  is well- 
advised.  In  some  areas  of  the  South,  houses  on  pipes 
have  been  widely  used,  even  when  they  are  placed  on 
dry  ground  near water.

3  feet  higher  than  the  water’s  surface.  Otherwise,  the 
nests  might  become  inundated  should  the  water  rise.

What’s  in  all  this  for  the  average  Joe  Southerner? 
Besides  making a vital contribution to waterfowl  conser­
vation,  he  can  enjoy watching  and  observing  squealers 
from one season to the next, since the hens and their pro­
geny  are  likely  to  return  to  the  area  to  nest  each  year.
Four-thumbed  friends  of woodies  can  purchase  com­
plete  homes  for  the  birds  through  Ducks  Unlimited. 
Designed  by  Bellrose,  the  boxes,  which  cost $17  each, 
are made of durble plastic and last indefinitely.  For more 
information, write:  River Cities Chapter, Ducks Unlimited, 
Dept.  SO,  P.O.  Box  309,  Fulton,  IL  61252,  or  call  (815) 
589-4230.  Proceeds from the sale of the houses help fur­
ther  waterfowl  conservation  across  North  America.

CREDIT:  Southern  Outdoors 
Chris Altman

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W hat’s  Your  Batting  Average?  An  Opinion  on  Unreasonable  Expectations

ALL  THINGS  CONSIDERED

BY Stanley J.  Zontek

Director,  Mid-Atlantic  Region,  USGA  Green  Section

Golfers are well  known for making comparisons.  They 
seem  to take  pride  in  telling  anyone who will  listen  how 
a course down the road does something this way or that. 
They compare budgets, acreage maintained, soils, grass 
types, green speed, the amount of labor, and many other 
facts.  Sometimes 
the  comparisons  are  accurate, 
sometimes  not.

Let’s take this comparison one step further.  It’s not real­

ly  valid,  but  is  interesting  nonetheless.

Baseball:  A  .250  batting  average  is  just  that—an 
average.  A  ball  player  hits  safely  one  at-bat  in  four.  A 
“ star”  bats .300, and an  immortal like Ted Williams bats 
.400.  If you are keeping score, and you should  be, that’s 
four  out  of ten.

Basketball:  Superstars  shoot just  over  50%  from  the 
field.  They shoot a ball  into a  hoop at a distance of zero 
(a  dunk)  to  18-22  feet  or  more.

Golf:  A par round of golf is normally about 72.  Golfers 
who consistently shoot less than par are found on the PGA 
Tour, making lots of money. Golfers who shoot consistent­
ly over par are found everywhere, and includes those peo­
ple making the comparisons. The average handicap in the 
country  is  just  over  18.  The  average  golfer,  therefore, 
shoots  about  25%  over  par.

At what percentage do golf course superintendents pro­
duce  quality  turfgrass?  As  a  basis  for  comparison,  golf 
courses contain about 30 acres of fairways, 2.5 acres of 
greens,  and  2.5  acres  of  tees.  This  equates  to  about 
100,000  square  feet  of  greens  and  tees  and  1,320,000 
square feet of fairways. Thus, if a superintendent “ Bats” 
.400, which would put him in great company in  baseball, 
it means your superstar would lose the equilavent of 10.8 
greens  and  tees  out  of  18.  On  fairways,  he  would  lose 
about  18  acres  of  turf.

While this  .400 batting average  might get you  into the 
Baseball  Hall of Fame, you would probably lose your job 
as  a  golf  course  superintendent.

All of this may sound ludicrous, but the fact remains that 
golfers have set such high standards for their golf courses

T K a t t ic c o ^   &  

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GOLF  COURSE  ARCHITECTURE 

LANSING.  MICHIGAN 

(517)  485-0480

that  maintaining  these  standards  is  difficult,  expensive, 
and sometimes impossible to achieve. To keep alive every 
blade of grass on every green, tee, and fairway regardless 
of the conditions, and not being willing to accept anything 
less,  is  wishful  thinking  and  a  mistake.

Everything cannot be perfect on every golf course every 

day.  Even  if  it  were  possible,  what  would  it  cost?

So, look at your golf course.  My message to course of­
ficials reading this opinion is not to be so concerned if the 
golf course superintendent  bats only  .998.  After all,  this 
equates to losing about 200 square feet of turf,  a  10 feet 
by 20 feet area of greens  or tees  and  2,640 square feet 
of  fairways  or  .06  of  an  acre.

Anyone who bats this percentage or better deserves a 
pat  on  the  back,  not  a  kick  in  the  pants.  After  all,  what 
other industry which deals so closely with  Mother Nature 
can  boast  a  99%  average  or  better?  Not  many.

Therefore, the next time you read about a professional 
athlete making $2,000,000 a year to achieve only a 30% 
batting  average,  be  proud...because  golf  course 
superintendents  are  batting  99%  or,  better.

Reprinted from  the  September/October  1990 
USGA  Green  Section  Record

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THINGS  THAT  AGGRAVATE  SUPERINTENDENTS

by  Terry  R.  Smith 

Greenfield Country  Club

With the season almost to an end, I sat back and looked 
at some  of the  things  that  aggravated  me over the  past 
season, and they did not seem  nearly as bad as they did 
when  they  happened. 
I  realized  they  were 
sometimes  funny.  What  follows  are  some  of  thos  ag­
gravating  things  that  look  so  different  to  me  now.

In  fact, 

Aerification

After two days of arguing with the golf pro on what days 
the course can be closed so you can aerify, you come up 
with two days that do not interfere with any tournaments, 
outings, ladies’ days, or any personal reasons the pro may 
have.

So  now you  post the dates that you  have chosen  and 
wait for the —  to hit the fan.  Some of the things that you 
might hear go like this. One of your board members, green 
committee  members,  pool  committee  members,  ladies’ 
association board members, or the second cousin of any 
member will come up to you and say that you cannot aerify 
that week!  “ That’s the  week that  my wife’s third  cousin 
twice  removed  on  her Aunt  Mildred’s  side  is  coming  to 
play and  I  cannot  have  him  playing on  aerified  greens!” 
And then there’s the member that says,  “ Close the front 
side!  If I wanted to belong to a nine hole club I would join 
one” . That’s after he had played the back side three times 
last  Sunday  because  he  scores  better  on  the  back.

Carts

Carts  are  probably  the  biggest  pain  in  the  butt that  a 
superintendent has,  besides the person driving it.  I guess 
that  making  the  decision  on  when  to  let the  carts  out  is 
the worst.  But the damage that carts cause rank right up 
there.

You just got a three inch rain and closed the course to 
carts. Your members are sitting in the bar discussing your 
job future, when the club manager comes up with a story 
about  the  club  he  once  worked  at  (which  there  is  quite 
a list). He told them about when they had a four-inch rain 
and the superintendent let the carts out with  no problem 
at  all.  But what  he did  not tell  them  was the golf course 
was  built  on  a  sand  dune  and  the  total  rain  fall  for  that 
area  was  ten  inches  a  year.

Then we come to what golfers do when they get behind 
the wheel of a golf cart. We have a ninety-degree rule on 
our golf course.  One day I  notice a cart driving down the 
middle of the fairway. I stopped them and asked them why 
they weren’t  using  the  ninety-degree  rule.  Their answer 
was that one of them sliced the ball, the other one hook­
ed the ball, so they figures they would drive down the mid­
dle  of  the  fairway,  then  turn  ninety-degrees  to  the  right 
or  left  rough.

We  also  have  the  thirty-foot  rule  around  the  greens. 
When seeing a person take two steps from  his cart onto 
the green, I asked why he wasn’t using the rule. He argued

that he was a good thirty feet. Well,  I guess that explains 
the sixty-foot putt he  made last week that he was bragg­
ing  about  in the  bar.  Or it explains why his wife thinks a 
one  foot  putt  is  really  a  four  inch  tap  in.

Help  Shortages

It is finally getting close to fall and that first snow, every 
superintendent  is  looking  for.  But  there  is  a  lot  of  work 
still left, with fall aerification, over seeding,  new construc­
tion and  many other projects to be done before that first 
snow  gets  here.  Well,  you  have  lost  your  summer  help 
to school  and  nobody is beating down your door looking 
for a job. So the first thing you do is put out the word that 
you’re  looking  for  help,  but  that gets  you  nowhere.  The 
next step is to put an ad in the local paper.  It reads “ Help 
wanted for grounds crew,  four dollars  per hour,  apply  in 
person Monday.” The next day, you check your ad to see 
if it’s correct.  It is fine,  but what you find is that every fast 
food place in town has an ad too, but their ad reads “ five- 
fifty  per  hour,  good  benefits,  and  chance 
for 
advancement.”

Well, Monday morning gets here and three people show 
up,  at  least  I  think  they  are  people.  The  first one was  a 
man about five foot five and  ninety pounds with  no front 
teeth,  fifty  going  on  ninety  and  had  his  last  drink  ten 
minutes ago. His name was Ernest. Next it was Amy. She 
was five two and about one hundred and ten pounds. She 
wore a black spandex skirt with a red tube top and three 
inch long red fingernails. She said she would do anything 
as  long as the  hours were  not too  long  and work wasn’t 
too  hard.  I  was waiting  on  the  next  one  when  I  heard  a 
faint voice  at  my door.  I  looked  up to  see  my mechanic 
standing in the doorway, his face as white as a sheet and 
his  head  shaking  back  and  forth  as  if to  say,  “ No.”  He 
looked as though  he  had just seen  his ex-mother-in-law. 
He stepped to the side and there she was—the biggest, 
ugliest  woman  I  ever  saw.  She  was  six  foot  and  had  to 
weigh three hundred and fifty pounds. Her hair didn’t look 
like it had been washed in the last six months, or the rest 
of her either. She walked into my office with flies buzzing 
around her head and looked me right in the eye and then 
she leaned over and  put her hands on  my desk and said 
she  was  here  for  the job  and  when  did  she  start.  Well,
I  was  in  shock  and  I  wasn’t  about to tell  her  “ no.”  So I 
told  her to  report to the club  manager the  next  morning 
and  I  took  the  next  day  off.

It’s  Over

I  have just looked back on a small portion of the things 
that can aggravate a superintendent in a season,  and  in 
some seasons it can be a never-ending story.  By looking 
back on these aggravations with a sense of humor,  it tells 
me  that  I  can  exaggerate  a  story just  as  well  as  a  club 
member  can  about  the  work  I  do.

One o f the real joys 
o f the holiday season 
Is the opportunity to 
say thank you and 
to wish you the  very 
best fo r the ne w year.

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444444444444444444444444444

487  W.  DIVISION 
SPARTA,  Ml  49345

SPARTAN  DISTRIBUTORS,  INC. 

 
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Happy Holidays!

From a ll o f us at 

Michigan State University

R Cooperative Extension Service
Turfgrass  Management  Shortcourse

Thursdays  -  1:00  PM  -  4:30  PM 
5  Sessions  -  January  10  -  February  7,  1991

Convenient,  Accessible  Location:  lv  Eberhard  Center

301  W.  Fulton 
Grand  Rapids,  Ml

FREE  Parking  for  Shortcourse  Participants

Program  Designed  for:
►  Turf  &  Landscape  Maintenance  Firms
►  Golf  Course  Personnel
►  Landscape  Design/Building  Firms
►  Retail  Outlets  Providing  Lawn  Establishment  &  Care
►  Owners,  Superintendents,  Foreman,  Managers,  Crews,  Sales  Persons

Pre-Registration  is  Mandatory  -  Space  Limited 

Topics  to  be  Covered:
►  Turf  Care  Industry Today/Pesticides,  The  Lawn  &  MDA/IPM  -  Integrated  Pest  Management
►  Turf  and  Its  Cultural  Requirements
►  Soils,  Fertilization  and  Turfgrass  Nutrition
►  Weeds  and  Diseases  of Turf
►  Insects  in  Turf/Pesticide  Issues

Michigan  State  University  specialists  and  local  resource  people

Registration  Form

Limited  Space  --  Form  due  by  December  21,  1990

Company  Name. 

Name(s)______

Address___________________________________________________________________________
Zip

Street 

City 

State 

________________________________________  Phone ( 

County

) ___________________________

Registration  Fee:  $50.00  x _______________=  $_______________

No.  of  participants

Make checks payable to:  Cooperative Extension  Service,  635 Ottawa Street,  Muskegon,  Ml 49442616/725-6361

MILLER WEST, INC.
Now fairways have no excuse

Finally, you can condition your fairways the 
way you condition greens.

Introducing the Jacobsen fairway. A 
fairway that's conditioned, not just mowed. 
Conditioned so that grass stays upright, 
allowing the golf ball to sit up for a 
better lie.  It’s another Jacobsen first.
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Turf Groomer.™

The Jacobsen 

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Its exclusive design 
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The Turf Groom er helps you develop 
lush, vertical turf for your fairways. And 
the LF-100 delivers a greens-like cut for 

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Holding a closer line is now easier than 
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to all m ow ing units for em ptying catchers 
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Your turf thrives with less 

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produce the lowest ground pressure in the 
industry. And, all four wheels roll on a different 
track for even less compaction.
Built to last.

For longer, trouble-free life on your fair­

ways, count on the LF-100 for its proven, 
rugged chassis, durable and sim ple hydraulic 
system and  liquid-cooled diesel engine.
And the LF-100 is backed  by your 

Jacobsen distributor for dependable parts 
and service support. Ask him for a free dem on­
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LEACHING  OF  LAWN  PESTICIDES 
LITTLE  THREAT  TO  GROUNDWATER

Reports about the condition of our groundwater reach 
us everyday through the newspaper,  radio and TV news. 
It’s  good  to  finally  hear  about  something  that  is  not 
threatening  our  groundwater.  Scientists  at  Ohio  State 
University have found that there  is little or no downward 
movement of pesticides applied to lawns and golf courses.
Dr.  Harry  D.  Niemczyk and Adam  A.  Krause say their 
findings could help allay concern that lawn care chemicals 
are  leaching  into  soil  and  contaminating  groundwater. 
They  are  based  at  the  University’s  Ohio  Agricultural 
Research  and  Development  Center  at  Wooster.

“ Whether  on  Geraldo  or  on  60 Minutes,  people  have 
been saying that pesticides applied to turfgrasses are get­
ting  into the  groundwater,”  says  Niemczyk,  a professor 
entomology.  “ Our  data  say  that’s just  not  true.”

Niemczyk  says  there  was  little  or  no  leaching  of 

pesticides  in  the  studies  they  conducted  in  the  field.

To  determine  the  downward  movement,  or  vertical 
mobility, of the pesticides,  Niemczyk and Krause applied 
six  herbicides  and  nine  insecticides  to  turfgrasses  in 
separate,  one-year  experiements.

Niemczyk says they found that almost all the pesticide 
residues remained  in thatch,  a layer of organic matter at

the  soil  surface,  if thatch  was  present  in  the  turfgrass.
If thatch was not present in the turfgrass, most residues 

stayed  in  the  top  2.5  centimeters  of the  soil,  he  says.

The  herbicides  tested  were  benefin,  trifluralin,  pen- 
dimethalin, bensulide, oxadiazon, and chlorthal-dimethyl. 
Insecticides tested were isofenphos,  diazinon, trichlorfon, 
ethoprop,  chlorpyrifos,  iszaophos,  fonofos,  carbaryl  and 
bendiocarb.

“ We wanted to find out what happens when pesticides 
are  applied  to  turfgrasses,”  Niemczyk  says.  “ Very  few 
studies  have  been  conducted  on  how  these  materials 
behave  once  they  are  applied.”

Now, he says,  “ I would hope that people will have con­
fidence that what they’re doing to lawns is not contributing 
to  groundwater  contamination.”

The studies will be conducted again next year, he says. 
Niemczyk and  Krause presented the results at the an­
nual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy, Crop 
Science Society of America and the Soil Science Society 
of America.

CREDIT:  Ohio Agricultural Research 
and Development Center

IMAGINE  A  GOLF  COURSE  WITHOUT TREES

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WEALTH,  HEALTH  AND  PULLCARTS

by Jerry  Tarde

there.  The cost of a  round  is the same whether you  ride 
or walk ($175 at Pebble and $115 at the others),  but you 
have  the  choice.

The  PGA Tour’s Tournament  Players  Clubs  have en­
couraged  their  golfers  to  walk  by  offering  motorized 
pullcarts called PowaKaddys or riding carts that carry four 
bags, each at about 25 percent less that the normal fee. 
“ Riding is synonymous with golf for most of our players, 
so  it’s  an  uphill  battle,”  says  Pete  Davison,  director  or 
operations  for the  tour’s  10  TPC  courses.

Some enterprising courses are now allowing golfers to 
walk,  but they charge  a  “ trail  fee”   of about $5 to  make 
up  for  lost  cart  revenue.  Not  a  bad  compromise.

Gary Schaal, the PGA of America’s secretary and owner 
of several  resort courses,  is experimenting with  an  even 
bolder plan. At three of his facilities, including Deer Track 
Golf and Country Club in South Carolina’s Myrtle Beach 
area,  golfers are allowed to walk without  paying any ex­
tra  fee.

“ I’m trying not to let the economic sense of cart revenue 
override the right to walk,”  Schaal says.  “ I believe in the 
exercise value of walking,  but I  still  have a profit motive. 
I’m hoping that people who want to walk will come to my 
courses, and the good will created will mean more rounds 
played. The response hasn’t been overwhelming, but after 
a year and a half we’ve generated enough new business 
to  make  up  for  lost  cart  revenues.”

Of course,  there’s  nothing  wrong  with  riding  in  a  cart 
occasionally. On a hot, lazy day on a slow course,  it may 
be  the  way  to  go.  But  who  likes  to  be  told  you  have to 
ride—or even worse, you have to ride and keep your cart 
on  the  path?  This  silly  rule forces  you  to  pay for  a cart, 
walk the distance of 18 holes anyway going from  path to 
path,  and  invariably wind  up with the wrong club  in your 
hand.

When  it  comes to walking,  I’m  pro-choice  and  willing 

to  take  my  business  where  it’s  welcome.

The great thing about Old Money is that it doesn’t give 

a  damn.

Old  Money  wears  khaki  pants  above  the  ankles  and 
woolen  sweaters  with  holes  in  the  elbows.  Old  Money 
doesn’t wear logos unless it got them for nothing. And the 
only golf shirts Old  Money owns are frayed at the collar. 
In  Britain you  can tell Old  Money by the  number of soup 
stains on  a  polyester tie worn  around  a golf shirt at din­
ner. To the untrained eye, it’s hard to tell Old Money from 
No  Money.

Old Money Golf Clubs usually have creaky stairs, beat- 
up  cars  in  the  parking  lot and  no  air conditioning  in  the 
locker room.  Old  Money Clubs don’t serve dinner,  and  if 
they did, you wouldn’t want to eat there. But the real sign 
of an  Old  Money Club  is  if you’re  allowed  to walk when 
you  play  golf—and  pull  your  own  cart.

Walking  and  pulling  a  cart  is  the  ultimate  expression 
of wealth,  health and  happiness in golf.  Or so it ought to 
be.

The trouble  is that  many golfers today don’t  know the 
joys of playing a course on foot. Besides keeping you from 
falling over into a heap of cholesterol, walking is good for 
your game.  It helps your club selection, slows down your 
tempo and gets you acquainted with that bald-headed guy 
in  your  regular 
foursome  whose  name  you  can’t 
remember.

All those nouveau riche players who have come into the 
game over the last 10 years think that golf is meant to be 
played while resting on your butt. And all those nouveau 
riche courses built by real-estate moguls have stretched 
18 holes from a five-mile walk into a nine-mile mandatory 
drive.

“ Caddies?”   you  ask.  They’ve  gone  the  way  of  real- 
wood woods.  Our kids don’t  realize you  can  make  more 
money carrying a bag  in the great outdoors than shovel­
ing  french  fries  in  McDonald’s.

What  brings this to  mind  is  the  appalling  introduction 
of  a  one-seater  riding  cart  that  carries  only  one  bag  in­
stead of the standard two. That’s four carts per foursome, 
twice the tire tracks and  presumably twice the  revenue. 
Just  what  golf  needed,  right?

The  fall  of American  golf  can  be  traced  to  the  rise  of 
the  golf  cart.  No  wonder  we  can’t  beat  the  Europeans 
anymore. You can’t find a riding cart over there, and you 
can’t  play golf here  unless you’re  in  one.  I’m  convinced 
there’s a linear relationship between clogged arteries and 
lost  Ryder Cup  Matches.  America  is the only country  in 
the world where there’s a stigma attached to walking with 
a  pullcart.

Fortunately,  walking  seems  to  be  enjoying  a  modest 
comeback, and you don’t have to belong to an Old Money 
Club  to  exercise  your  options.

Resorts are slowly starting to  lift the  mandatory  riding 
rules. Even hallowed Pebble Beach and its sister courses, 
Spyglass Hill and Spanish Bay, have announced that you 
now may walk and carry your bag or pull a cart at any time

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GOLF  COURSE  SUPERINTENDENTS  ASSOCIATION  OF  AMERICA

GOVERNMENT  RELATIONS  BRIEFING

LEGISLATION

Waste Disposal Problem: Used Tires—What do com­
munities  do with  old,  used  tires?  This  question  plagues 
government officials  as they  propose  legislative  lim its - 
such  as  landfill  and  incineration  bans—without  offering 
alternative disposal solutions.  Such  legislation  is driving 
consumers to turn their backs on the law—almost 60 per­
illegally. 
cent  of  worn 
Superintendents  who  generate  used 
from 
maintenance vehicles and golf cars sould check into pro­
per disposal methods (retreading, shredding, and recycl­
ing)  with  local  officials.
REGULATIONS

tires  are  disposed  of 

tires 

Caddy  Liquid  Cadmium  Voluntarily  Cancelled—A
chemical company has voluntarily requested cancellation 
of a heavy metal product used on some golf courses. W.A. 
Cleary  Chemical  Corporation  asked  EPA  to  cancel  the 
registration of Caddy Liquid Cadmium. This turf fungicide, 
which  contains cadmium chloride,  has  been  used  in the 
North Central region of the United States and Canada for 
treatment  of  patch  diseases  and  pythium.  However, 
because  few  golf  courses  still  use  the  product,  this  ac­
tion will  have only limited  impact on the  industry.  Cleary 
and its distributors will cease sales of Caddy in December 
1991.

States  Introduce  Species  Protection  Programs—
Superintendents need to keep current with state initiatives 
for the Endangered Species Protection  Program.  One of 
the  program’s  goals  is  to  manage  federally  registered 
pesticides in ways that avoid harming sensitive plants and 
wildlife. Several states—California, Florida, Hawaii, Iowa, 
New  Mexico,  North  Dakota  and  South  Carolina—have 
already  launched  pilot  programs.  Once  a state’s  plan  is 
approved  by  the  Fish  and  Wildlife  Service,  it  will  be 
adopted  and  enforced  by the  EPA  and  could  become  a 
model  for  other  states.

Canadian  superintendents  should  also  review  their 
government’s  endangered  species  program.  The  Cana­
dian Wildlife Service is studying pesticide threats to their 
endangered  species.  For  further  information,  contact 
Pierre  Mineau  at 
the  Canadian  Wildlife  Service, 
819/997-3045.
JUDICIAL

Judge Recommends Permit for Controversial Michigan 
Development—An  administrative  law  judge  has  recom­
mended allowing a developer to fill 3.68 acres of Michigan 
wetlands in a 266-acre project. The proposed $10 million 
development  would  include  an  18-hole  golf  course  and 
31  homes.  In  recommending  that  the  Michigan  Natural 
Resources Commission  (who will consider the case this 
fall)  issue the necessary permits,  the judge said the pro­
posed course  “ will  not and  is  not likely to pollute,  impair 
or destroy the water, natural resources or the public trust.”

Several environmental groups joined to fight the proposal 
while the developer reportedly spent $1  million to counter 
them.  The  judge  based  his  ruling  in  part  on  a  previous 
agreement between the Michigan Department of Natural 
Resources  and  the  developer,  which  included  ground- 
water  monitoring  requirements.

Stricter Enforcement For Environmental Violations— 
EPA continues to step up  its inforcement efforts,  adding 
jail time to its list of penalties for guilty parties. When one 
defendant was asked about  high concentrations of toxic 
metals in his company’s waste-water, he replied,  “ We’re 
guilty.  What  are  you  going  to  do,  put  us  in  jail  or 
something?”  Little did  he know that he would face three 
months in prison and two years on probation after pleading 
guilty  to  knowingly  violating  federal  water  laws.

In addition to prison, violators may face hefty fines. The 
EPA imposed a $55,700 fine on a Pennsylvania company 
for hazard communication violations, while a Texas firm 
negotiated  a  $40,000  settlement  for  failure  to  report 
chemical  inventories.

The  message:  Environmental  laws  apply to  everyone 
and will  be  enforced,  and  it  is  imporant to  keep  abreast 
of  any  new  legislation.

Turf  Chemicals  Inc.

1011  E.  Main 
P.O.  Box  451 

Owosso,  Michigan  48867 

(517)  725-7145

★  RUSS  HANCOCK  *LO U   BECKMAN  ★ JIM  HYDE 

★  FRED  MILLER 

★ TED  KASEL

FOR 

ALL OF  YOUR  FERTILIZER, 

CHEMICAL  AND  GRASS  SEED  NEEDS

EXPERIENCED,  DEPENDABLE PEOPLE TO SERVE YOU

SPRING  FLOWERING  BULB  SELECTION  MADE  EASIER

by James 

Horticulture,  U.  of I.

A. Fizzell, 

Ext.  Adviser 

Are  you  confused  by  all  the  different  bulbs  sold  at 
garden  centers?  More than  4,000  varieties  of  tulips  are 
available,  but  to  make  your  selection  easier,  they  are 
grouped  into  several  classes.

Some common types of tulips and their characteristics 

include:

Darwin tulips,  which  are  late flowering  and  probably 
the  most  favored,  growing  22  to  30  inches  tall  and  pro­
ducing  large,  deep-cupped,  solid-colored  flowers  on 
strong  stems.

Parrot tulips, with blooms featuring twisted petals with 
featherlike edges,  grow 20 to 28 inches tall, and are late 
flowering.

Cottage  tulips,  long-stemmed  varieties  with  slender 
buds and long, pointed petals, growing 16 inches to nearly 
three  feet  tall,  and  blooming  in  May.

Kaufmanniana  tulips,  which  are  early  flowering  and 
are sometimes referred to as  "water lily” tulips because 
their pointed  petals open  horizontally like those of water 
lilies, growing only four to eight inches tall, and excellent 
for  rock  gardens.

Fosteriana tulips,  which grow 8 to 20  inches tall  and 
have blossoms as large as four inches. These were cross­
ed with the Darwin tulips to procure the Darwin  Hybrids, 
which  grow 22  to 30  inches tall  and  are the  largest  and 
most  spectacular  of  all  the  tulips.

Double Late tulips, sometimes called peony-flowered 
because of their resemblance to peonies,  growing  18  in­
ches  to  about  two  feet  tall  and  very  attractive.

To most gardeners, spring bulbs mean tulips, crocuses, 
hyacinths,  and  daffodils.  Species  tulips  and  species 
crocus are smaller, yet earlier than the hybrid types. There 
are a number of other “ minor bulbs available that provide 
color  in  the  garden  and  fill  in  among  rock  gardens, 
borders,  under trees, or among shrubs.  Most need to be 
planted  in sun or part shade.  Plant them  in  mass for the 
best  show,  3”  to  4”   apart  and  3”  to  4”   deep.
The  following  three  are  very  early  blooming:
Galathus or Snowdrops grow  only 4 to  6  inches tall. 

The  white  flower  is  bell-like.

Eranthis or Winter Aconite, grow 3-4” tall and produce 
a deep yellow, buttercup-like flower about 1 Vi inches wide 
which  grows above  a finely frilled  collar of  bright green.
Scilla siberica Spring Beauty are best known for their 

intense  blue,  1”  star-shaped  flowers  on  4-6”  stems.

Muscari  or Grape Hyacinth,  have tiny blossoms that 
appear on  spikes  in  mid-April.  Muscari  come  in  blue  or 
white. A showy double blue grapy hyacinth is Blue Spike.
Pusdikinia  is closely related to Scillas.  It flowers  later 
in  the  spring.  Pale  blue  and  white  striped  flowers  grow 
on  a  5-6”  plant.

JENNINGS

Bridges

Storage  Buildings 

Pool  Furniture 

Litter  Receptacles 

Tennis  Courts 

Tennis  Court  Lighting 

Portable  Fencing

2764 Armstrong  Dr. 
Lake  Orion,  Ml  48035 

(313)  391-0880 

or

1-800-632-4153

(Toll  Free)

Scilla hispánica or Wood Hyacinth/Spanish Bluebell
bloom  in  May.  Bell-shaped  flowers  on  10-15  inch  open 
spikes. Colors include white, pink and blue. They can take 
deep  shade  and  bloom  with  the  Darwin  tulips.

Alliums or flowering onions vary in  height from 9  in­
ches to 5 feet. Alliums bloom in May, June, and July, with

white,  yellow,  red  or  pink  flowers.

Plant  the  bulbs  2  to  3”  deep  and  6  to  15”  apart  in 
clumps of 6 to 12 bulbs. The Allium genus is best known 
for 
its  edible  members—onions,  garlic,  chives  and 
leeks—but  it  also  contains  many  ornamental  species.

*

• 

*  62nd International  . 
* 

Golf Course 

Conference & Show

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Trade Show  Golf Championship 

Educational Seminars  GCSAA Annual Meeting  -ft

February 5-12,  1991 

Las Vegas Convention Center 

Las Vegas, Nevada

For conference,  seminar or exhibitor information,  call 800/472-7878 or 913/841-2240. 

Golf Course Superintendents Association of America 

1617 St. Andrews Drive,  Lawrence,  KS 66047

—21  —

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For information  or demonstration 
call Matt  Botsford or Ed Stesny, 

Turf Manager at:

Ideal  Mower  Sales

811  Woodward  i-ieigriih 
Ferndale,  Michigan 

(313)  541-4660 

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Country Club 
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PHONE (616) 458-1546

OUT OF SIGHT,

OUT OF MIND?

Hidden beneath your course, an 
underground storage tank can be easy 
to forget — until trouble arises. If your 
course is faced with clean-up costs and 
liability claims from an accidental leak, 
are you prepared?

Before you answer, consider this: Few, 
if any, general liability policies cover 
the cost of a leak from a UST. What’s 
more, all golf courses with USTs must 
prove complete financial responsibility 
for those tanks by October 26,  1991.

standards in covering clean-ups from 
motor fuel, heating and waste oil leaks 
It also covers third-party liability and 
legal defense costs. Even better, the 
GCSAA program will work within your 
courses’s existing insurance program 
through your current agent.

Close the gap in your operation’s 
insurance and meet an important 
compliance deadline. Act now to get 
GCSAA-sponsored UST insurance and 
preserve your peace of mind.

If your course has a gap in its existing 
liability insurance, GCSAA now sponsors 
a specially developed UST insurance 
program that meets or exceeds all EPA

For more information, contact Jardine 
Insurance Brokers, Merchants Bank 
Building, Suite  1212, Topeka, Kansas 
66612 — Telephone: 800/727-0250.

UST Program  underwritten  by:

FIRST SPECIALTY  INSURANCE  CORPORATION,  Overland  Park,  Kansas 

A General  Electric  Financial  Services  Com pany

USGA  WILL  SPEND  $5.4 
MILLION  ON  RESEARCH 
OVER  NEXT  THREE  YEARS
The  United  States  Golf  Association  will  spend  $5.4 
million on  research over the next three years,  more than 
double  its  previous  rate,  and  has  directed  $3  million  of 
the total toward evaluating the impact of golf courses on 
the  environment.

In announcing the association’s decision to study how 
fertilizers and pesticides affect the environment, C. Grant 
Spaeth, the USGA’s president, said, “ Right now the game 
is  threatened  by  the  lack  of  knowledge  about  the  en­
vironmental  impact  of  pesticides  and  fertilizers  used  to 
maintain golf courses.  I can think of nothing more urgent 
to  golf than  to  answer this environmental  question,  and 
to  propose  responsible  solutions.”

The  work  will  be  done  by  land  grant  universities 
throughout the  United  States,  assuring  that  studies  are 
relevant  to  a  variety  of  conditions,  such  as  soils  and 
climate.  Additionally, the USGA committee that oversaw 
turfgrass research  has been renamed the Turfgrass and 
Environmental  Research  Committee,  and  has  been  ex­
panded 
include  recognized  authorities  from  en­
vironmental  agencies  and  organizations.

Spaeth said the USGA will enter into the program with 
no preconceived  position.  “ We must maintain a position 
as  the  honest  and  independent  broker.”

to 

These studies will examine questions such as whether 
fertilizers and pesticides contaminate ground water, and 
if  they  do,  the  duration  of  their  impact.

Studies will also be geared toward the development of 
alternative and non-chemical methods of pest control, and 
the  influence  of  golf  courses  on  people  and  wildlife.

The project will be the responsibility of the Green Sec­
tion Committee, chaired by Ray Anderson of Chicago. Jim 
Snow is National Director of the Green Section and Chair­
man of the Research Committee,  and Dr.  Mike Kenna is 
Director of Green Section Research.  Dean Knuth is Direc­
tor  of  Green  Section  Administration.  The  Golf  Course 
Superintendents  Association  of  America  plans 
to 
cooperate  with  the  USGA  on  this  enterprise.

TURFGRASS  FOUNDATION 

CREATES  ENDOWMENT
The  Michigan Turfgrass  Foundation (MTF)  has  pledg­
ed $1  million to Michigan State University’s turf program, 
creating an endowment to fund faculty and graduate stu­
dent  research.

The  gift  supports  MSU’s  first  university-wide  capital 
campaign, MSU 2000: Access to Opportunity, a five-year 
effort  launched  in  May  1988.

“ This gift continues a longstanding partnership between 
the  university  and  the  state’s  turf  industry,”   said  MSU 
President John DiBiaggio.  “ We are extremely grateful to 
the Michign Turfgrass Foundation for this gift and for the 
support  of  its  members  over  the  past  60  years.”

The foundation’s gift —  its largest ever to MSU  — will 
establish  the  Michigan  Turfgrass  Research  Endowment 
Fund. Annual income from the new endowment will enable 
MSU  to  attract  more  graduate  students.

CALIBRATION DOs & DON’Ts

FOR  CHEMICAL  APPLICATIONS

” DO check sprayers before every application.  See that 
spray  patterns  are  uniform.  Operate  sprayer  (filled  with 
water) over gravel or blacktop and then see how the pat­
terns  dry.
* *DO  calibrate  each  nozzle  individually.  Also  check  for 
worn or split hoses, clogged or cracked strainers and leaky 
valves.
” DO change worn or damaged tips immediately. Check 
new  tips  for  proper  pattern  as  well.
” DO  calibrate  equipment  throughout  the  season  and 
check  each  tip’s  flow  rate.
* *DO check the label to determine recommended applica­
tion  rate.
” DO  adjust  for  differences  in  flow  rate  when  spraying 
solutions  with  different  densities  than  water.  Solutions, 
such as 28  percent nitrogen,  are heavier than water and 
would flow at a lower rate through the same  nozzle than 
water.
* ’ DON’T  think  of  calibration  as  a  once-a-year  task. 
Nozzles wear during use, so sprayer should be calibrated 
throughout  the  season.
* ’ DON’T try to calibrate  your  nozzles  by  blindly  raising 
or lowering. Applying 10 gallons per acre at 10 psi will dou­
ble its flow to 20 gpa only if the pressure is raised 4 times 
to  40  psi.
” DON’T assume pressure at the nozzle is tha same as 
the  pressure  at the gauge.  Pressure  is  lost through  fric­
tion  in  the  hoses,  valves  and  other  parts  of the  system.

CREDIT:  Chemical Applications,  Facts-n-Fillers
Spring  1990

FACE  TO  FACE  COMMUNICATION
GETTING ALONG WITH PEOPLE
To  get  along  with  others:
*  Don’t say everything  you think.  And watch  your  body 
language.  It may say more than you intend or want to say.
*  Make few promises, but keep the ones you make if you 
want  to  be  trusted.
*  Have  empathy.  Make  merry  with  those  who  rejoice; 
mourn  with  those  who  suffer.
*  Keep  an  open  mind.  If  you  are  the  only  one  coming 
up with the  right answers,  something  is wrong.  Discuss, 
don’t  argue.
*  Let  your  merits  speak for themselves  but  be  ready 
to discuss them when asked.  Do not talk about another’s 
weaknesses  unless  necessary.
*  Treat  everybody  with  importance.

CREDIT:  Joseph  P.  Cangemi 
Western  Kentucky  University 
writing  in  Psychology Magazine

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RETIRED  WORKERS 
GET  THE  JOB  DONE

Retailers and other service companies are turning more 
to  retired  workers  to  fill  front-line  jobs  dealing  with 
customers.  Most companies are delighted with the results 
and  are  planning  to  recruit  more  older  workers.  Some 
benefits  cited:
*  Older Workers anticipate customer needs better than 
younger  workers  do.
* They provide positive role models for younger workers.
*  They  bring  expertise  to  the job

CREDIT:  PR  Reporter

"H m -m -m ! A  3-  and  a  5 -iro n —th in k   I’ll try  a 
4 -iro n .”

By  Bob  Thaves

(So t  THEM  out  °F
y o u / ?   ¿ a g .

OV

PREVENTION OF RESISTANCE 

TO  DMI  FUNGICIDES 
IN  TURF  PATHOGENS

The North American Fungicide Resistance Action Com­
mittee DMI Working Group is a cooperative effort among 
producers of these highly active, demethylation-inhibiting 
(DMI) fungicides to prevent the development of resistant 
pathogens.

Selection for resistant  individuals can,  over time,  lead 

to  loss  of  field  efficacy.

The following recommendations should help to reduce 
selection pressure on the fungal population and, therefore, 
to  preserve  the  excellent  activity  of  these  fungicides 
against  diseases  of  turfgrasses.
*  Lower risk of resistance development can be achiev­
ed when these materials are applied  preventively or ear­
ly  in  the  disease  epidemic.
*  Use  proper  equipment  to  apply  the  recommended 
gallonage  to  ensure  thorough  coverage.
*  Do not use DMI’s alone season-long.  Use a tank mix 
or alternate sprays with a non-DMI fungicide. Alternation 
with other DMI fungicides will not help prevent resistance 
development.
*  Consult your local  Extension  Service  if you  are  un­
sure  about  appropriate  alternation  or  mixing  partners.

Your adherence to this anti-resistance strategy benefits 

all  users  of  these  fungicides.

DMI  Fungicides  Currently  Labelled 

For  Use  On  Turfgrasses

TRADE  NAME______________PRODUCER
Banner 
Ciba-Geigy
Mobay
Bayleton 
Rubigan 
Elanco

F R A N K  A N D   E R N E S T

A M  A T  I P O  !   R o w  

CAP  Xou 5MILB- 
W tffN  X°u ' v£ 
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£4<-i-/  INTO 
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REFERENCE  LIBRARY

Recently Released Professional Literature

Master Planning:  The  Vital First Steps  in Golf Course 
Construction:  12-page  pamphlet.  Free  (SASE)  from 
American  Society  of  Golf  Course  Architects,  2212  N. 
LaSalle  St.,  Chicago,  IL  60601.
Excel 
Industries  Full  Line:  Pocket  size  brochure 
describes  professional  features  of  rotary  mowers.  Free 
from  Excel  Industries,  Box  7000,  Hesston,  KS  67062; 
phone  1-800-835-3260.
Golf Course Professional’s Guide to  Turf grass Selec­
tion:  Divided  into geographical  regions.  Free from  Lofts 
See  Ind.,  Chimney  Rock  Rd.,  Bound  Brook,  NJ  08805.
Tree,  Turf and  Ornamental Pesticide  Guide:  Informa­
tion  from  the  basic  manufacturers’  labels  and  the  EPA 
pesticide summaries. $15.50 from Thomson Publications, 
P.O. Box 9335, Fresno, CA 93791; phone 209-435-2163, 
fax  209-435-8319.
Evolution of the Modern Green: 24-page brochure by Dr. 
Michael  Hurdzan.  $5  from  American  Society  of  Golf 
Course Architects, 221  N. LaSalle St., Chicago, IL 60601.

NOR AM  INTRODUCES

Turcam 2'AG

INSECTICIDE

ALL THE ADVANTAGES OF TURCAM 

IN A

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•  FAST ACTING

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(815)  838-8164

Now available in  40-lb.  bags

IMPORTANT  Please lememDei al«ays to tead and 
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WNOR-AM

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J.  MOLLEMA & SON, INC.

West Michigan's Only 

Full Service Horticultural Distributor

Mollema's 36th Street Warehouse and Office

The Moderna Turf Team
Kurt Brace, Tom Kline, and Steve Adamczyk

Weekly delivery throughout out state Michigan and Northern Indiana

J.  MOLLEMA  &  SON,  INC.

WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTOR

Horticultural  and  Turf Supplies 
5400 36TH STREET S.E.

GRAND RAPIDS,  MICHIGAN 49508 

PHONE 616/940-1441

WATS  1-800-234-GROW 

FAX 616-940-0401

J  WMJLUVU

LV

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