Official  Publication  of the 
W.

M.

W e s t e r n  V i e w s  

\

E d ito r — P a u l  R ich ter

A.

A utum n  1 9 9 1  

Photo  courtesy  of  Jan  Janson

NEXT MEETING 

Fall  Party 

Kalamazoo,  MI 
Friday,  Nov.  8

■

I

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INSIDE
Fungicides 
Pages  8-10

Phosphorus  S  Poa 
Pages  11  and  15

Flowers 
Page  20

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T U R F G R A S S   IN C . 

i

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS

i B
V

Serving you better with ..

T echnical  inform ation 

Fungicide program s 

Free tim ely delivery

... Quality products

Fertilizers

Chemicals

The Andersons, Lebanon 
Country Club, Nitroform, Turfgrass

Dupont,  Ampel,  Ciba-Geigy,  W.A. 
Cleary,  Chipco,  Daconil,  Mobay, 
Elanco,  NAIAD,  Dow,  Monsanto,  Bio 
Greenskeeper,  Agri  Diagnostics, 
Mallinckrodt, Nor-Am, Riverdale, Pana 
Sea, Miller, Agri-Plex 4X

Seeds

Northrup King 
Medalist Turf Products

Spreaders <S 
Sprayers

Cyclone, Spyker, Back Pack, Wheely, 
Spray-Hawk

Golf Supplies

Lewisline,  Par  Aide,  Standard,  Fore- 
Par,  Yankee,  United Stockmen,  Chix, 
Fox Valley

Safety Equipment Mine Safety Equipment

Soil Management Grid System, TerraFlow, TerraBond, 

TerraCover

Markers

Richway, Blazon

S E R I A L S

RICHTER’S  RAMBLINGS.............................................Pg. 3

DATES TO  REMEMBER...............................................Pg. 4

MTF THANK YO U ..........................................................Pg. 5

1991  WMGCSA GOLF DAY A SUCCESS.............. Pg.  5

GCSAA NEWS............................................................... Pg. 6-7

FUNGICIDES.......................................................Pg.  8-10

POA ANNUA AND  PHOSPHORUS.................Pg.  11,15

MERCURY BAN OF  1994.............................................Pg. 16

GOLF DIGEST’S 36  MOST POWERFUL

PEOPLE  IN  GOLF  ...............................................Pg.  18

COUNTRY CLUB  MEMBERS GLOSSARY........ Pg.  20

FLOWERS...................................................................... Pg. 20

HAS IT!

Everything you need 
for professional 
turf management.

•Fertilizers •Control Products »Seed 

•Irrigation »Equipment »Replacement Parts 
•Golf Course Accessories »Safety Products 
•Service Brochures • Low Voltage Lighting

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Turfgrass Agronomy
Kimberly  Olson
Sales  Representative

1991  WMGCSA  OFFICERS

Fred  Pastoor,  C.G.C.S............................................. President

Beaver  Creek  Golf  Course

517/732-1785

Chris  Fochtman,  C.G.C.S............................... Vice  President

Green  Ridge  Country  Club,  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan 

616/784-6597

Paul  Schippers,  C.G.C.S....................... Secretary  Treasurer

Moors Country  Club,  Portage,  Michigan 

616/323-2680

Roger  Barton....................................................Past  President

Pohl  Cat  Golf Course,  Mount  Pleasant,  Michigan

DIRECTORS

Charlie  Scott
Gull Lake  View  Golf Club,  Richland,  Ml 
Bill  Fountain
Railside  Golf Club,  Byron  Center,  Ml 
(616)  878-0202
Bill  Madigan,  C.G.C.S.
Jackson  Country  Club,  Jackson,  Ml 
517/ 787-0651
Paul  Hoag
Scott Lake  Golf Club,  Comstock Park,  Ml 
Paul  Richter
Spring  Lake  Country  Club,  Spring  Lake,  Ml 
616/ 842-4840
Harry  Schuemann,  C.G.C.S.
Crystal Springs  Country  Club,  Grand  Rapids,  Ml

EDITORIAL  COMMITTEE

Chairman-Advertising..........................................Paul  Richter
Spring  Lake  C.C.  —  616/842-4840

RICHTER’S  RAMBLINGS
Summer  1991,  one that will  not  be  forgotten  soon,  is 
over.  Those  that  were  growing  that  monocotyledonous 
monster  consumer  of  mass  quantities  of  water  and 
fungicide,  better  known  as  Poa  Annua,  experienced  a 
challenging summer. If it wasn’t athenius grub, it was an- 
thracnose or lack of rain or high temperature stress. This 
year the  big  mother,  mother nature,  had  us all  hopping.
Despite the weather,  Bill Fountain did a fine job grow­
ing  in  Railside  in  Byron  Center  (just  south  of  Grand 
Rapids)  which  opened  early  in  September.

Golf Day was a success, with $7,000 raised for research 
at  Michigan  State  University.  Stonehedge  proved  to  be 
a fun challenge, and the weather was outstanding.  Many 
thanks  to  Charlie  Scott  and  his family  and  to  Bill  Foun­
tain  for  a job  well  done.

The August meeting at Lake Michigan Hills was poorly 
attended,  which  was  too  bad.  Those  in  attendance  ex­
perienced  a great  challenge  of  golf that was  in  tremen­
dous  condition.  My  hat  is  off to  Dave  Sill  and  his  crew. 
Love  those  greens!

Fall  is  here,  the  air  is  crisp,  soil  moisture  is  up,  the 
irrigation  system  blown  out,  and  late  fall  nitrogen  is on. 
R elax..  .the  monster  sleeps  until  spring.

DATES  TO  REMEMBER

November 4-5

November  7

November  8

ADVERTISERS

Please patronize them as they have made this newsletter possible.

December  2-5

Arthur  Hills  &  Associates 
Benham  Chemical 
C  &  R  Grinding 
Century  Golf  Team 
D  &  C  Distributors 
Glenscott  Motor  Controls 
J.  John  Gorney,  Inc.
Grand  Rapids  Tree 
Ideal  Mower 
Jennings
Lebanon  Total  Turf  Care 
LESCO
Matthews  &  Associates,  P.C.

Michigan  Sand  Co. 
Miller West 
Mollema  &  Son 
NorAm  Chemical 
Nugent  Sand  Co. 
O.M.  Scott 
Parmenter  &  Andre 
Raymer  Pump 
Spartan  Distributors 
Standard  Sand 
T.C.I.
Turgrass

December  2-6

January  20-22

January  23

Michigan  Golf Summit II 

Ypsilanti,  Ml
(800) 777-3521  or (313) 487-0407

GCSAA  Regional Seminar 

Maximizing  Job  Satisfaction 
Lansing,  Ml 
(913)  832-4444

WMGCSA  Fall Party 

Kalamazoo  C.C.
Kalamazoo,  Ml

Ohio  Turfgrass  Conference 

Cincinnati,  OH 
(614)  292-2601

MSU School of Turfgrass  Mgmt. 

Kellogg  Biological  Station 
Hickory  Corners,  Ml 
(517)  353-0860

Michigan  Turfgrass  Conference 

Lansing,  Ml 
(517)  353-9022

MTF/MSU Environmental Workshop 

Kellogg  Center 
Lansing,  Ml 
(517)  353-0860

February  10-17

GCSAA International Turfgrass Conf. 

New  Orleans,  LA 
(913)  832-4444

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1991  WMGCSA  GOLF  DAY  A  SUCCESS

This year’s Gold  Day fund  raiser for the Michigan Tur- 
fgrass  Foundation  held  at  Stonehedge was  a great suc­
cess.  With  a  total  of  162  players  enjoying  a  beautiful 
September day,  our efforts  raised  more  than  $7,000.00 
for research to be conducted at Michigan State University.
Our Association would like to thank everyone who par­
ticipated  in  this  year’s  unique  event.  Charlie  Scott  has 
done  a  magnificent job  at  Stonehedge.  I  really  enjoyed 
the Stableford points format; did you? We would also like 
to thank all of the fine vendors that sponsored events and 
tees.  Your support  and  time  is crucial  for the  continued 
success  that  we  share  at  Golf  Day  each  year.

We  would  also  like  to thank  everyone  at  Stonehedge 
and Gull Lake View for their excellent hospitality and ser­
vice. The prime rib was delicious! The next time you see

Charlie Scott, give him a big thank you as he donated all 
of  the  carts  for this  year’s  event!

As our profession  continues to grow and  change on a 
daily  basis,  we  should  give  everyone  who  supports  the 
M.T.F. a round of applause. The money we raise at these 
events supports research that is  needed  now  more than 
ever.  As  a  closely  knit  team  that  encourages  growth  in 
our  profession,  this  research  will  enable  all  of  us  to 
become better and more successful in our various fields. 
Thank  you  for your  efforts.

Respectfully,

Bill  Fountain
1991  Golf  Day  Co-Chairman

WMGCSA  ELECTS 

NEW  OFFICERS

At the WMGCSA Annual  Meeting  held  at Spring  Lake 
Country Club on October 2, the following members were 
elected to office on the 1992 WMGCSA Board of Directors.
President: Chris Fochtman, CGCS - Egypt Valley C.C.
Vice-President:  Paul  Richter  -  Spring  Lake  C.C.
Secretary-Treasurer:  Bill  Fountain  -  Railside  G.C.
Board  of  Directors:

Pat  Meersman,  CGCS  -  Marywood  G.C.
Gary  Spahr  -  Ramshorn  C.C.

MTF  Thank  You

June  27,  1991

Mr.  Chris  Fochtman 
Egypt  Valley  Country  Club 
7333  Knapp 
Ada,  Ml  49301

Dear  Chris:

On behalf of the Michigan Turfgrass Foundation,  I would 
like to thank the generous Western Michigan Golf Course 
Superintendents Association for their generous donation 
towards  turfgrass  research.

Commitments from dedicated people like your ograniza- 
tion  have  made  Michigan  State  University  and  the 
Michigan Turfgrass Foundation recognized as one of the 
finest turf research centers and educational centers in the 
country.

Again,  thank  you,

Sincerely,

MICHIGAN  TURFGRASS  FOUNDATION

Fritz  McMullen 
President

GCSAA  NEWS

JUDICIAL
Supreme  Court  Decision  Stirs  Responses  -  The
Supreme Court decision involving the Town of Casey,  Wis. 
vs.  Mortier  has  sent  lawn-care  and  turf  associations 
scrambling for answers and ways to deal with  the reper­
cussions.  The  key  to  the  decision  was  that  the  FIFRA 
legislative amendments inadequately spell out federal pre­
emption  of  local  ordinances.  The  court  asserted  that 
FIFRA plainly authorizes states to regulate pesticides, but 
is silent in reference to local governments. This ruling ap­
parently upholds the authority of cities and towns to con­
trol  and  even  ban  the  use of  pesticides through  permit­
ting  schemes,  licensing,  notification  and  other  usage 
requirements.

Several  interest  groups  that  serve  turf  and  lawn-care 
professionals are expected to initiate federal and/or state 
legislative  amendments 
that  spell  out  pre-emptive 
measures. Cities can be expected to fight these legislative 
efforts  to  maintain  regulatory  authority.

Public education  on the  use of pesticides and  the en­
vironmental  and  societal  value  of  well-maintained  turf, 
coupled  with  a  willingness  to  initiate  public  protection 
measures,  are the  best ways to  improve the  position  of 
golf  courses  with  community  decision  makers.  Com­
munication  with  city  and  county government  authorities 
is more important now than ever before. For tools to help

you present the facts about golf courses, call the GCSAA 
communications  department  at  913/832-4470.

LEGISLATIVE
Bill  Would  Restrict  Youth  Employment - A  newly pro­
posed House of Representatives bill would amend the Fair 
Labor Standards Act of 1938 in regard to the employment 
of minors.  Reps.  Pease  (D-Ohio),  Schumer (D-NY),  and 
Lantos (D-Calif) are co-sponsors of the legislation, which, 
if passed, would prohibit minors (those under 18 years of 
age) from handling pesticide products. The bill would also 
require  employers  to  report  any  lost-time  accident  or  il­
lness  that  occurs  to  a  minor  employee  in  the  course  of 
work-related  activities.

The bill’s language would  require  minor employees to 
obtain  a  work  certificate  that  would  include  permission 
guarantees  by  the  child’s  parents  and  school  officials 
(school permission  is required if the child is working dur­
ing the school  year).  When  school  is  in  session,  minors 
ages  14  and  15 could work  a  maximum  of  15  hours  per 
week and those between the ages of 16 and 18 could work 
a  maximum  of 25  hours  per week.  Some states  already 
have  provisions  that  are  similar  to  these.

GCSAA plans to submit formal comments on the bill to 

the  Subcommittee  on  Labor  Standards.

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to 

fer  scholarship  assistance 
future  golf  course 
superintendents,”   said  Stephen  G.  Cadenelli,  CGCS, 
president  of  GCSAA. 
the  Western 
Michigan  GCSA  and  its  members  for their  high  level  of 
involvement  and  assistance.”

“ We  commend 

The  Western  Michigan  GCSA  earned  a  “ group” 
membership  in the Golden Tee Club for its contribution. 
Cadenelli and fellow board  members also noted with ap­
preciation the following Michiganders who held individual 
memberships  in  the  Golden  Tee  Club:

Kathy  M.  Antaya-Begauer 
Carol  Colein 
J.A.  Dorward 
Gerald  L.  Faubel,  CGCS 
John  L.  Kirtland 
Thomas  E.  Mason 
Gerald  Matthews 
Dr.  Kenyon  T.  Payne 
William  R.  Roberts,  CGCS 
Roy A.  Szyndlar,  CGCS 
Gary  C.  Thommes,  CGCS

Golden  Tee  Club  membership  is  open  to  individuals 
who contribute $100 or more annually and corporations, 
clubs,  chapters  and  other  organizations  that  contribute 
$1,000 or more annually to support GCSAA S  & R.  Dur­
ing the past fiscal year,  contributions to the Club totaled 
almost  $20,000.

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Ask your ProTurf® Tech Rep for details.

Fred  Anderson  C.G.C.S.

FIFRA Amendments  Proposed  - A 
Senate bill en­
titled "The Pesticide Health and Safety Act of 1991  would 
amend  several  sections  of  the  Federal  Insecticide, 
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).  If enacted, the bill 
would require some pesticide labels to include the state­
ment:  “ EPA  registration  is  not  a  guarantee  of  safety.  It 
is  a  product  registration  process  and  not  a  safety 
determination.”

The  bill  would  also  require  professional  pesticide  ap­
plicators  to  be  trained  in  alternative  pest  management 
methods and both professional and private applicators to 
keep  records  of  the  date  and  time  of  all  pesticide 
applications.

SPANIARD  WINS  GRANT  TO  STUDY  GOLF 
MANAGEMENT  IN  UNITED  STATES

A new grant program will  make it possible for a young 
Spaniard  to  learn  the  techniques  of  professional  golf 
course management at a university in the United States.
Cosme  Bergareche  Pradera  is  the  first  winner  of  the 
Valderrama  Award  --  a  $7,000  grant  funded  by  Spain’s 
Valderrama Golf Club -- that will support his studies in tur- 
fgrass science at Michigan State University. Pradera, who 
lives in the city of Guipuzcoa, will enter Michigan State’s 
two-year  golf  and  turf  management  program  this  fall.

“ This is an exciting new program for us,” said Joseph 
G.  Baidy,  CGCS,  chairman  of  the  GCSAA  Scholarship 
Selection Committee.  “ The Valderrama Award is the first 
grant of its kind designed to bring  international students 
to  the  U.S.  for  an  intensive  education  and  training  ex­
perience.  We  hope  to  develop  similar  ‘exchanges’  with 
golf clubs and organizations from other European, Asian 
and  South  American  nations  that  don’t  currently  have 
universities  with  formal  turfgrass  science  programs.”

Candidates  for the  award  were  evaluated  by  a  three- 
person committee made up of representatives of GCSAA, 
Valderrama GC and the  Royal Spanish Golf Federation. 
This  year’s  representatives  were:  Gerald  L.  Faubel, 
CGCS,  GCSAA  immediate  past  president;  Jaime  Ortiz- 
Patino,  president  of  Valderrama  GC;  and  Emma 
Villacieros,  president  of  the  Federation.  The  committee 
met and  interviewed candidates in  Madrid  in early June.
GCSAA also offers the Ambassador Award,  a scholar­
ship  that  aids  international  students  who  are  currently 
enrolled  in  a  U.S.  turfgrass  program.  This  year’s  Am­
bassador Award winner was David Coote of Australia, also 
a  Michigan  State  student.

GCSAA  SCHOLARSHIP  &  RESEARCH 
COMMENDS  GOLDEN  TEE  CLUB  SUPPORTERS

The Western  Michigan  GCSA was one of 14 chapters 
providing  financial  support  to  GCSAA  Scholarship  & 
Research  during  the  foundation’s  recently  completed 
1990-91  fiscal year.  In addition to the chapter’s donation 
of $1,000,11  residents of Michigan were members of the 
Golden Tee Club, the grassroots support organization for 
GCSAA  S  &  R.

“ Chapter and individual member support are absolutely 
crucial to our ability to fund turfgrass  research and to of­

FUNGICIDES

How you apply it can be at least as Important 
as which one you use, says famed researcher

by

Kit  Bradshaw

NOZZLE  TYPES

fungicide  applications.

Couch is emphatic about not using flood jet nozzles in 

“ The flood jet has the worst of all possible worlds,”   he 
said,  “ with  big  droplet  size  and  lots  of  aerosol.  The 
material  comes  through  the  nozzle,  hits  the  baffle  and 
goes splat. That’s equivalent to putting your thumb over 
a  hose.  The  only good  thing you  can  do with  a flood jet 
nozzle is to take it to a kiln, have it melted down and make 
it  into  a  doorstop  for your  office.”

He recommends either the flat fan 8002 or the raindrop 
type  nozzles,  RA  10 to RA 15 for fungicide applications. 
He also says fungicides should  be applied with  100 per­
cent overlap  and  the angle of the  nozzle  on  the floating 
boom  should  be  set  at  45  degrees.

“ The Chempro floating boom is the hottest thing you’ll 
ever  see.  It  has  two  manifolds  for  putting  out  the  same 
pressure at each nozzle and will give you uniform applica­
tion.  The  boom  is  in  a  class  by  itself.”
NOZZLE  PRESSURE

In  Couch’s  research,  nozzle  pressure  made  a  signifi­

cant  difference  in  the  effectiveness  of  the  fungicides.

“ We used the 8002 nozzles with the right dilution  rate 
of  Chipco  26019  to  control  dollar  spot,”   Couch  said. 
“ When  we  used  10  pounds  per square  inch,  we  got  55 
percent control,  but when we switched to 30-60 pounds, 
with the same amount of material  in the same amount of 
water,  we  just  about  doubled  the  effectiveness  of  the 
fungicide.  With  Dyrene,  the  same thing  occured.  There 
was 45 percent control at 10 pounds and nearly 100 per­
cent  control  at  30-60  pounds.”

In order to calibrate the correct pressure, Couch recom­
mends  gauges  on  both  the  tank  and  the  nozzle  ends. 
“ You  should  be  using the  Spraycheck  method  to check 
your  pressure when  you  apply fungicides.  This  may  not 
seem  important  unless  it’s your prize  putting  green,  it’s 
five days before the big tournament, the nights are in the 
90s and the humidity is 150 percent,  and one part of the

Do nozzle type,  dilution  rates,  spray patterns,  pH  and 
pressure  make  a difference  when  applying  fungicides?
“ You  bet’cha,”  says Dr.  Houston Couch,  professor of 
plant pathology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 
University.  Couch,  well  known  for his book,  Diseases of 
Turfgrass,  was the  speaker at the  Fourth  Annual  South 
Florida Workshop and Exposition in Fort Lauderdale April 
17.

For  two  hours,  he  discussed  a  checklist  of  items 
necessary for the  correct application  of fungicides.  This 
checklist  is  important,  he  said,  because  golf  course 
superintendents need to improve the effectiveness of the 
fungicides they are applying to the nation’s golf courses.
“ With the IQ of Zippo the chimp, a crescent wrench and 
a  screwdriver,  you  can  double the effectiveness  of your 
fungicide  application,”  Couch  said.

Superintendents must optimize the applications of their 
increased 

faced  with 

they  are 

fungicides  because 
expectations.

“ The  Stimpmeter  is  the worst thing  that  happened  to 

golf,”  he  said.

“ They roll the golf ball and tell the guy on the spot what 
they want.  To  get  the  number  right,  the  superintendent 
will  roll the green to  harden  it  up,  back  up  on the water­
ing  and  lower the cutting  height.  But  biologically,  under 
these  conditions,  the  grass  has  a  real  problem.  Along 
comes a fungus that really sort of likes this world, and all 
it’s  got  to  do  is  snarl  and  this  grass  dies.”

The problem is even worse because of South Florida’s 
climatic conditions,  he added.  “ A lot of you  are growing 
grass in a part of the world where the Lord did  not mean 
for that  grass to  grow.  You  know  that.  This  is where  he 
created  fungus  to  kill  the  grass.”

In  order  to  fight  the  fungus  problems,  Couch  recom­

mends  several  procedures.
GRANULAR  FUNGICIDES

Although  he  spent  a  majority  of  his  time  discussing 
spray fungicides, he did delineate his findings on granular 
fungicides:  mow  and  irrigate the  day  before  application 
to have the longest possible interval between application 
and  mowing  or watering;  and  apply the  fungicide  in  the 
morning  while  the  grass  is  still  wet.

“ Granular formulations of non-systemic fungicides re­
quire two to three times the active ingredient level of spray 
formualtions  to  produce  the  same  degree  of  disease 
control.”

The type of carrier  makes  a tremendous difference  in 
effectiveness.  Get test data on the carrier as well  as the 
active  ingredient.

Granular  formulation  should  never  be  used  on  home 

lawns  or  park  applications.

boom  is killing all the fungus and the other part is killing 
just some of the fungus. That’s when you think about mov­
ing  up  North.”

Couch recommends 40-pound pressure for both the flat 

fan  nozzles  and  the  raindrop  nozzles.
DILUTION  RATES

Forget the old rule,  primarily based on the use of mer­
cury  fungicides,  of  5-10  gallons  per  1,000  square  feet.
Couch  recommends  Daconil  2787  at  one  gallon  per 
1,000  square  feet;  Dyrene  at  1-2  gallons;  Bayleton  at  2 
gallons;  Chipco  26019  at  0.5  to  4  gallons;  Banner  at  2 
gallons;  and  Vorlan  at  1-2  gallons.

“ Chipco is hard to mess up,”  he says.  “ It’s not dilution 
dependent, so if you went from a half gallon to four gallons 
per  1,000  square  feet,  you  got  some  control.

“ Dyrene,  however,  can’t  be  used  at  four  gallons 
because  it’s  been  diluted  out  of  existence  and  with 
Daconil,  it’s  dilution  dependent,  so  if you  drop  down  or 
go  up  to  two  gallons,  there  is  a  drop  in  effectiveness. 
“ Bayleton shouldn’t be put in at one or three gallons, but 
at its optimum rate of two gallons.  If you change from the 
optimum dilution  rate with  Bayleton, you get less control 
over  the  fungus  and  it  doesn’t  last  as  long.”
IRRIGATION  AND  RAINFALL

Irrigation  or rainfall  shortly  after application  will  affect 

the  fungicide,  and  usually  not  for the  better.
In his research, Couch used Dyrene,  Rubigan,  Bayleton, 
and Daconil.  He applied the materials to the leaves while

they were wet,  allowed  the  leaves to dry,  then  irrigated. 
After  three  days,  he  irrigated  again.

As a result, Couch said,  “ with dollar spot control,  rain­
fall before the spray dries, signficantly reduces the effec­
tiveness of the contact type fungicides.  With  Rubigan,  if 
the  leaves are washed  before the spray dries,  it’s good­
bye Rubigan. With Bayleton, leaf washing before the spray 
dries  does  not  significantly  reduce  the  effectiveness.”

He  also  cocluded  that the  basic  effectiveness  of turf- 
grass fungicide is established by the initial amount of the 
water  used  in  its  spray  application.

If the  fungicide  formulation  contains  a sticking  agent, 
rainfall  or irrigation  immediately after the spray dries on 
the  leaves will  not  appreciably  reduce  its  effectiveness.
pH  AND  IN-TANK  STABILITY

Superintendents  need  to  know the  stability of the  ac­
tive ingredient of the fungicide (which usually is supplied 
by the manufacturer); they need to test for the pH stabili­
ty of the formulations;  and  they  need  to  know the  pH  of 
the  water  in  the  area.

“ The lesson  here  is that if the active  ingredient of the 
product is unstable in alkaline ranges, it will be formulated 
with  a  buffer  that  will  skew  it  toward  the  acid  range,” 
Couch said.  “ So what you want to find out is if the water 
you  are  using  will  offset  what  was  going  on  in  the  first 
place.

“ Dyrene  is  alkaline  sensitive.  It  loses  disease control 
effectiveness rapidly at 9.5 in the alkaline range. However,

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if it is  used  immediately in the acid  range  it doesn’t lose 
effectiveness.”

He recommends using a simple pen-type  pH  meter to 
avoid  mistakes. The ideal  pH  for a fungicide forumlation 
is  6.5.

But pH  is not the only significant factor.  The  length of 
time  a  fungicide  mixture  is  stored  can  affect  it,  even  to 
the  point  of  rendering  it  useless.

During Couch’s tests, the fungicide formulations were 
adjusted and tested  immediately. They they were stored 
for  24  hours  at  71  degrees,  and  tested  again.

“ If Dyrene is allowed to stand for 24 hours, regardless 
of  pH,  there  is  a significant drop  in  the  effectiveness  of 
the  fungicide.  The  same  holds  true  of  Daconil  2787. 
Although  it’s stable  initially from  3.5 to 9.5  hours,  if it  is 
allowed to stand for 24 hours, there is a clumping together 
of the  particles  and  a  loss  of  effectiveness.”

Rubigan  is stable from  3.5 to 9.5  initially and  remains 
stable from 6.5 to 9.6 after 24 hours.  “ But,”  he said,  “ at 
3.5,  the  material  breaks  down  significantly.  It’s  acid 
unstable.
SYNERGISM

A  lot  of  research  still  must  be  done  on  synergism,  a 
positive reaction that occurs when fungicides are combin­
ed  to  improve  their  baselines.  But  some  products  have 
already  proven  to  exhibit  that  characteristic.

For instance,  Fore and Subdue or Fore and Banol can 
be  used  at  half their dilution  rates  and  improve their ef­
fectiveness  through  synergistic  action.

For dollar spot control, Couch recommends Banner and 
Dyrene,  Banner  and  Chipco  26019  or  Banner  and 
Bayleton  at  a  quarter  of  the  normal  rate.

“ Not everything (combination of fungicides) works, but 
when they do, it can increase the effectiveness of the pro­
ducts,”  Couch  said.

“ Good golf course superintendents need more training 
in pesticides and agricultural chemicals because we are 
more  dependent  on  chemicals  than  ever  before,”   said 
Couch  in  an  interview  after  his  lecture.

“ In  order 

to  stay  alive 

their  profession, 
superintendents  need  to attend the  local,  state,  and  na­
tional  education  sessions.  The  information  they  receive 
in  these  sessions  is  current.  By  the  time  it  hits  the 
magazines,  it’s  months old  and  by the time the  material 
is  in  a  book  it  is  about  two  years  old.”

in 

Couch  feels  superintendents  also  need  education  in 

personal  relations.

“ One of the reasons they need this training is because 
of a trend I see as bad: the trend toward having golf course 
managers  or  having  corporations  involved  with  the  golf 
course.

“ This takes away the superintendent’s ability to make 
spot decisions. In some cases, a superintendent may need 
a product to take care of a problem,  but he can’t get the 
money released,  or can’t get it  released  in time to apply 
the  material  and  as  a  result,  there’s  a  problem  on  the 
course.

"We happen 
quite enjoyable under the proper circumstances."

“ Who gets blamed?”   Couch  asked  rhetorically.  “ The 
golf course  superintendent,  and  yet  it  wasn’t  his  fault.”
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POA  ANNUA  AND  PHOSPHORUS

by

Dr.  Wayne  R.  Kussow 

Department  of  Soil  Science 

University  of  Wisconsin-Madison

For years,  we  have  been  told  that  generous  supplies 
of phosphorus from  soil  or fertilizer enhance  invasion  of 
turf by Poa annua (PA). The reason,  it seems,  is that PA 
has  a  high  phosphorus  requirement.  Satisfying  this  re­
quirement gives PA a competitive growth advantage over 
other  turfgrases.  How  valid  are  these  arguments?

The idea that PA has a high P requirement appears 
to  have  arisen  from  a  number  of  field  and  greenhouse 
studies that date back as far as 1937. Let’s examine some 
of these research findings,  but without the usual citation 
of  names,  dates,  places,  research  methodology,  etc. 
Anyone wishing a list of the references drawn  upon  here 
can  receive  it for the  asking.

To begin,  let me  list some observations that are often 
used  to  support  the  notion  that  PA  is  a  P-loving  plant:
1. Application of the equivalent of 5.9 lb plant available 
P-1000 ft2 (hereafter cited as  lb P) as bone  meal  or 3  lb 
P as 5-10-5 fertilizer each year for eight successive years 
increased  PA  populations  in  bentgrass  12  to  15%  over 
the  unfertilized  control  treatment.

2.  Applying  up  to  90  lb  P  to  “ medium  P”  pots  of  soil 
then seeded to PA increased PA populations 22%, while 
application of P to a  “ very  high  P”   soil  had  no effect on 
PA  populations.

3. Application of P to a pH 4.5 loamy sand soil increas­
ed  PA growth  in  pots,  but  not when  the  loamy sand was 
limited to pH 6.5 or when the P was applied to a silt loam 
soil  adjusted  to  pH  4.5  or  6.5.

4.  Application  of  1.8  lb  P  along  with  6,  10,  or  10  lb  N 
and  1.1  or 3.4 lb S for seven years on colonial  bentgrass 
greens increased the area invaded by PA by an average 
of  20%.

5.  Application  of 4.5  to  18.0  lb  P  over three  years  on 
creeping  bentgrass  and  then  observing  changes  in  PA 
over the three succeeding years  revealed  population  in­
creases  of  3  to  7%.

6.  Application  of  zero  to  3.6  lb  P  and  3  lb  N  for  two 
seasons on  a golf fairway  resulted  in  PA populations  of 
63 to 77% the first year and 75 to 83% the second year. 
Leaf  P  concentrations  in  the  PA  ranged  from  0.42  to
0.60%. These contrast with reports that healthy Kentucky 
bluegrass  contains  0.12  to  0.24%  P.

7.  The  optimum  P  level  in  PA  leaf  tissue  has  been 

shown  in  greenhouse  studies  to  be  about  0.52%.

On the surface, these research observations constitute 
some  pretty  convincing  evidence  that  P  application  im­
parts a growth advantage to PA.  But let’s examine these 
lines  of  evidence  in  more  detail  and  cite  some  other 
sources of information. As a general observation, note that 
in three of the preceding instances we are getting excited 
about  PA  population  increases  averaging  1.5  to  2.8% 
each year.  Recent detailed studies of PA population shifts 
in  turf  have  revealed  natural  population  changes  in  the 
range of 70% over a single season when PA populations

are observed  is very critical  as far as the  results of field 
research  studies  on  PA  are  concerned.

In  the first  research  study  cited  above,  it  has  to  be 
recognized  that this work  pre-dated  soil  testing.  Hence, 
we have no way of knowing whether or not annual applica­
tions of 3 to 5.9 lb P constituted what today would be con­
sidered reasonable rates of application. In any event, ap­
plication of 117 lb bone meal or 70.2 lb 5-10-5 by no means 
constitutes a realistic fertilization program for bentgrass.
The  next  two  studies  cited  were  conducted  with 
monostands of PA.  Without the  inclusion  of other grass 
species for comparison purposes, there is simply no basis 
for concluding that these studies support the contention 
that  P  application  imparts a growth advantage of  PA.  In 
summarizing their work, the authors themselves conclud­
ed that “ there is no suggestion that annual bluegrass dif­
fers from other bluegrasses in its responses to the major 
elements,  N,  P,  or  K.”

In the fourth study previously cited,  whether or not 
P  application  truly enhanced  PA  in the  bentgrass  is dif­
ficult to judge.  No statistically significant difference levels 
were  reported.  Hence,  which  treatment  effects  can 
reasonably be expected to be reproducible rather than the 
result of random events cannot be ascertained.  Perhaps 
of even  greater  interest  in  this  study  is  the fact that  ap­
plication of .1  lb S per season led to an average increase 
of 92% in the area infested by PA, while P appication in­
creased  the  PA-invaded  area  by only  20%  .1

The fifth study actually involved variable rates of K 
as well as P.  Increasing K rates had as great an influence 
on PA populations as did P.  If one takes the time to read 
the discussion section  of this report,  it becomes evident 
that  the  authors  recognized  factors  such  as  dollar  spot 
infection as being a contributing factor in PA invasion of 
the  bentgrass.

The sicth reference suggests major increases in PA 
populations over one year (63 to 77%  PA the first year 
and 75 to 83% PA the second). Three interesting features 
of  this  study  are:  (1)  the  original  PA  population  was 
estimated at 95%;  (2)  N  scheduling  had  as great an  im­
pact on PA populations as did P application; and (3) when 
averaged across the different N schedules, P applciations 
did not significantly influence PA populations recorded at 
the  end  of the  study.

References 6 and 7 provide bentgrass tissue analyses 
that have been interpreted as evidence that PA has a high 
P  requirement.  In  one  such  study,  at  fertilizer  P  rates 
where Kentucky bluegrass and bentgrass were still show­
ing  growth  responses to the  fertilizer  P,  leaf  P  contents 
ranged from 0.40% to 0.53%. Thus,  the optimum tissue 
P  concentrations for these two grasses appear to  be  as 
high  or  higher  than  the  0.52%  optimum  tissue  P  level 
reported for PA.  If one studies existing literature careful­
ly,  it  is  not difficult to find  reports  of  bentgrass tissue  P

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levels ranging as high as 0.8% in plots where recommend­
ed  P  fertilization  practices  have  been  employed.

So what do these research data really tell us regar­
ding  the  influences  of  soil  or  fertilizer  P  on  PA  en- 
croachmnt  into turf?  My  conclusion  is  that  the  effects 
of P have been badly overstated. The influences of P can­
not  be  readily  isolated  from  factors  such  as  soil  pH,  N 
scheduling, and applications of other nurients such as K 
and  S.  What appears to  be of primary  importance  is the 
total  fertilization  package  employed,  not whether or  not 
P  application  is  a  part  of that  package.

This brings us to some recent observations on this sub­

ject.  A  study  reported  in  1986  suggests  that:

1. Germination of PA in perennial rye-grass turf is deter­
mined by the numbers and sizes of invasion gaps that ex­
ist in the turf. This makes sense in that PA seed germina­
tion  requires  an  abundance  of  light.

2. Survival of PA seedlings once germination has taken 
place  is  determined  by  their  success  in  competing  for 
nutrients in the root zone. Application of N overcomes the 
root zone competition while P and K applications have little 
or  no  effect.

A  second  recent  study  entailed  meticulous  recording 
of  PA  popultions  in  a  bentgrass  fairway.  The  data 
presented support the authors’ conclusion that “ P did not 
exercise  the  dominant  role  that  N  does  in  determining 
species  composition  in  a  bentgrass-annual  bluegrass 
community.”  Thus, these two recent studies compliment

one another and  relegate to P a secondary influence on 
PA  invasion  of  turf.

Finally,  I am now in the process of finalizing my report 
on a three-year study of N source effects on  PA invasion 
of creeping bentgrass turf. In plots where soil test P rang­
ed from  65 to 225  lb acre,  the soil  P  levels bore  no rela­
tionship to  PA populations  in the turf.  Rather,  under the 
conditions of the study,  indications were that PA invasion 
and  spread  were  controlled  by the  combined  effects  of 
earthworm activity and the verdue of the bentgrass.  Large 
numbers of earthworm casts and low verdure apparently 
created the invasion gaps required for PA encroachment 
in  the  bentgrass.

In summary,  I firmly believe that the time has come to 
lay to  rest the  idea that ample supplies of P from  soil  or 
fertilizer inevitably result in higher PA populations in turf. 
A corollary statement  is that starving turf for P  is  not an 
effective  PA  control  measure.  Rather,  anything  that 
creates  invasion  gaps  in  turf  favors  invasion  by  PA.  A 
radical statement?  Hardly.  Let me end with a quote from 
a  pioneering  and  classical  1937  report  on  PA  and  its 
growth  requirements:

“ The abundance of this pest in golf greens is apparently 
due largely to the loss of vigor or actual death of the per­
manent grass in  critical  periods,  which  furnishes oppor­
tunity for  new  plants  of  (annual)  bluegrass  to  invade  or 
completely  occupy  the  injured  area.”

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WHAT TO CONSIDER FOR SNOW MOLD MANAGEMENT 

BEFORE  THE  MERCURY  BAN  OF  1994

by

Ward  C.  Stienstra

Extension  Plant  Pathologist  University  of  Minnesota 

Department of  Plant  Pathology

Winter problems of Minnesota golf turf is a two-part pro­

blem:  one  is  disease  and  the  second  is  injury.

For  most,  the  disease  management  aspect  was  well 
under  control  and  even  the  injury  aspect  was  being 
managed.  The  disease  problems  are  also  multiple  and 
several  fungi  are Typhula and  Fusarium,  Grey and  Pink 
snow molds. The Grey Snow Mold species most common 
is  T.ishikarienses  and  it  is  the  most  difficult  to  manage 
with chemicals. The other T.  species is incarnata,  and  it 
is  more  susceptible  to  fungicide  management.

We  also  have  Gerlachis  nivalis  (Fusarium)  present to 
some extent every year. The cause of snow molds varies 
from  year  to  year  and  from  North  to  South.  In  seasons 
of heavy snowfall and cold long winters Snow Scald is pre­
sent, especially in northern locations;  in seasons of cool, 
wet, cloudy periods, especially in the fall, pink may be the 
major problem. Since it is not possible to predict with any 
great  accuracy  which  organism  will  predominate,  and 
since all  are capable of doing  extensive damage to fine 
turf areas,  preventive measures are taken  in the fall. We 
seldom have the luxury of a mid-season winter treatment 
to  make  up  or  cover  up  for  a  failure.

Present recommendations for snow mold are to app­
ly  a  mixture of  products or  apply three  fungicides.  Mer­
cury  as Caloclor at  1  oz.,  with  Chloroneb (Teremec SP) 
at  2  oz.  and  PCNB  (Terraclor)  at 2  oz.  has  provided  98 
to 100 percent disease control for several years at the nor­
thern testing location. The better two-way combination of 
these three products is Mercury plus PCNB or Chloroneb, 
and  the  weakest  two-way  combination  was  PCNB  plus 
Chloroneb.  The performance of other products in winter 
disease-testing  has always been  poorer,  and  results are 
more varied. The northern testing  location (Duluth) is an 
area  prone  to  snow  cover  and  is  mostly  Poa  turf.  Sites 
with more bent and less snow cover should be able to be

managed  with  this  program.

Those who wish to try other products for winter disease 
management should  consider the following.  Treatments 
with mercury are the most reliable, and I expect other pro­
grams to allow 5 to 10 percent disease development. The 
next most consistent product is Daconil  at 8 to  16 fl.  oz. 
This  rate  was tested  several  times,  and  little  difference 
was seen.  Daconil does not have as much  residual con­
trol  and  may  run  out  before  the  season  is  over.

This lack of long term control may explain the variabili­
ty of its control. It also does not have the range of control, 
and combinations with  Daconil  may improve the level of 
control,  it  needs  help  with  Fusarium,  and  addition  of 
benomyl (Tersan  1991) at 2 oz. should  help  reduce pink 
snow mold. Daconil appears to be a product to try in your 
winter disese  program.  It can  be  applied  in  conjunction 
with  Fungo 50  at  2  oz.  or Chipco  26019  at  4 oz.  Scotts 
FFII  has performed well  for many people,  and  other for­
mulations of PCNB ned to be tested. Reports of Chloroneb 
used  alone  often  include  failure  as  it  does  not  do  well 
against  T.ishikarienses.

Those of you who have experience with other con­
trol  products  are encouraged to write  me  and  share 
your  success  stories.  I  suspect  the  more  southern 
courses  have  had  success with  alternate  fungicide  pro­
grams. Those with experience with covers are also on my 
list to be heard.  Has disease been a bigger problem with 
covers  or  has the  standard  fungicide  program  provided 
a disease-free environment under covers? My experience 
is that covers increase the severity of disease and the mer­
cury  programs  have  adequately  managed  the  problem.
Remember that regular mowing  in the fall until growth 
has stopped and avoidance of fertilizer applications that 
stimulate  fall  growth  will  reduce  winter  disease.

‘‘Semper Gram in is  Morbidis”

Our  Sharpening  is  a  REEL  Grind

/ ! ^ § § b i £ \

15 5082  P a g e   A v e . 

a v * J a c k s o n ,  M ic h ig a n   49201
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( 5 1 7 ) 7 6 4 - 1 1 8 2

Golf  Course  M o w e r  Repair  and  Sharpening

M cdtheuti,  &  

A U &  P.G.

by

G O L F   C O U R S E   A R C H IT E C T U R E  

L A N S IN G ,  M l 

(517)  4 85 -0 4 80

— 16—

HydrojectM 3000

A  R E V O L U T IO N A R Y  

T U R F  C U L T IV A T IO N  T O O L

★   Virtually  no  turf  surface  disturbance
★   Achieve  depths  from  4  inches  to  20 +  inches
★   Can  be  used  throughout  the  growing  season
★   No  tines  to  replace
★   Use  to  penetrate  any  soil  type  no  matter  how  compacted
★   Aerate,  drain,  improve  irrigation  efficiency

For  information  call:

SPARTAN  DISTRIBUTORS,  INC.

487  W.  Division  St. 

/ 

P.O.  Box  246 

/ 

Sparta,  Ml  49345 

/ 

Phone  (616)  887-7301

GOLF  DIGEST’S

“36 MOST POWERFUL PEOPLE IN GOLF”

1.  Deane  Beman  -  PGA  Tour  Commissioner
2.  Mark McCormack - International Management Group
3.  Jack  Nicklaus  -  Professional  Golfer/Golf  Course 

4.  David Fay -  USGA  Executive  Director
5.  Arnold  Palmer  -  Professional  Golfer/Golf  Course 

Architect

Designer

6.  Karsten  Solheim  -  Clubmaker  (Ping)
7.  Jackson  T.  Stephens -  Masters  Chairman
8.  Michael Bonalleck - Royal and Ancient Golf Club of 

St.  Andrews  Secretary

9.  Dan  Rostenkowski -  U.S.  Congressman
10.  Robert  Dedman  -  Club  Corporation  of  America 

Founder/Chairman

11.  Minoru  Isutani -  Pebble  Beach  Owner
12.  Lee  Trevino  -  Professional  golfer
13.  Pete  Dye -  Golf  Course  Architect
14.  William  K.  Reilly  -  U.S.  Environmental  Protection 

Agency Administrator

15.  George  Bush  -  President  of  the  United  States
16.  Ralph  Maltby -  The  Golf  Works  Owner
17.  Del de  Windt -  PGA Tour’s  Policy  Board Chairman
18.  Greg  Norman  -  Professional  Golfer

19.  Tom  Fazio  -  Golf Course Architect
20.  Grant  Spaeth  -  United  States  Golf  Association 

21.  Bobby Jones  -  Golf  Legend
22.  Ken  Schofield  -  PGA  European  Tour  Executive 

23.  Frank Chirkinian  -  CBS  Golf  Producer
24.  Tim  Finchem  -  PGA  Tour  Deputy  Commis- 

President

Director

sioner/COO

25.  Gordon Jeffrey - R&A General Committee Chairman
26.  Hughes Norton  -  International  Management  Group 

Senior  Vice  President

27.  Nancy Lopez -  Professional  Golfer
28.  Charles  Mecham  -  LPGA  Commissioner
29.  Peter Alliss -  TV  Commentator
30.  Judy  Bell -  USGA  Executive  Committee  Member
31.  Jim  Awtrey -  PGA  of  America  Executive  Director
32.  John  M.  Schilling -  GCSAA  Executive  Director
33.  Roger Maxwell - Marriott Golf Vice President of Golf 

Operations  and  Development

34.  Joe Beditz - National Golf Foundation President/CEO
35.  Leonard Decof -  Legal  Consel  for  Karsten  Solheim
36.  Joe Jensek -  Chicago  Club  Pro

STANTIARn

C O R P O R A T I O N

USA Sieve MM

%Retained

20
30
40
50
60
70
100
140
200
270
PAN

.84
.60
.42
.30
.25
.21
.15
.10
.07
.05

.0
.5
6.0
29.0
25.6
27.1
11.0
.8
.0
.0

TDS 2150
TOPDRESSING SAND

■  Meets  USGA specfications 
■Consistent Quality 
■Lab  Reports with  Every Shipment
■  Michigan's  Largest Topdressing  Sand  Supplier 
■87%  Between  .21  and  .50  MM  (Current Tests)

Standard Sand Corporation
P.O.  Box 290
Grand  Haven,  Michigan  49417
Contact:  Roy Hanson 
(616)  842-5180

x

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motor  controls,  inc.
Glenphase

made  in  U.S.A.

Pump  With 
The  Best...
GLENPHASE

NOW,  you  can  operate  LARGE 
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enjoy  STANDARD  MOTOR 
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G/enscott

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For  additional  information  contact  a 
GLENSCOTT  dealer  listed  below.

I

Milan  Supply  Co.-Jim   Eash  616-775-5832 
Springbrook  Irrigation,  Inc.-Jim   Bakker  616-396-1956 
Valley  Farms  Supply,  Inc.-Butch  Henry  517-482-1697

A  COUNTRY  CLUB  MEMBER  S 

GLOSSARY  OF  TERMS

by

Terry  R.  Smith 

Greenfield  Country  Club 

Greenfield,  Indiana

Once again  we are  coming to the end  of another season  that  has brought too  much  rain  in  the  Spring  and  then  gave 
us  one  of the  hottest  and  driest  early  summers  that  would  stress  out  the  best  Superintendent.  So,  once  again,  I  have 
tried  to  come  up  with  the  humorous  side  of  our jobs.

One day I was talking to one of our members, who got confused with the terminology that we use every day.  So I wrote 

this  glossary  of  terms  which  I  believe  they  must  think  of  when  we  as  turf  managers  use  them.
Top  Dressing:

Ball  Mark:

Right  To  Know:

Winter  Play:

Green  Speed:
Tee  Markers:

Ball  Washer:

Dollar Spot:

Nineteenth  Hole:

Cart  Path:

When  a  Superintendent  does  not 
let their  help  go  without  a  shirt.
The  right  to  know  the  stimp 
meter  reading  of  the  green
speed  every  day.
The  God  given  right  of  all  Golf
Club  members.
Too  slow.
What  you  use  to  straighten  the
head  of  your  club  when  it  per­
forms  badly  off  of  the  tee.
What  you  use to  straighten  the 
shaft  of your  driver  when  the  ball
goes  right  or  left  off  of the  tee.
What  your  playing  partner  spots 
you  when  you  missed  that  last
five  foot  putt.
Conference  room  in  the  club 
house  where  long  discussions
take  place  concerning  the  prac­
tices  and  future  of the  Club’s
Superintendent.
What  they  put  on  a  golf  course 
for  the  maintenance  equipment 
to  get  from  hole  to  hole.

Change  Cups:

Sand  Pro:

Greens  Master:
Trap  Rake:

Ladies  Day:
Poa:

Pythium:
No  Carts:

Brown  Patch:

Aerification:

What  happens  to  your  ball  when 
it  hits  a  cart  path.
What  my  wife  changed  when 
she  got  pregnant.
A  Golf  Pro  that’s  good  at  getting
out  of  a  sand  trap.
Last  year’s  club  champion.
What  I  usually trip  over when  I
get  out  of  a  trap.
#*#”   *.'#/ /#/#
I  really  don’t  know  what  it  is,  but
I  know  I  am  supposed  to  com­
plain  about  it.
A  greek  God
A  sign  that  you  always  have  to 
drive  around  to  get  to  your  ball.

The  only  thing  that  will  make  an 
approach  shot  hold.
Why  you  throw  away  your  under 
shorts.
A  Superintendent’s  revenge

Ballmark  Repairer: What’s  that?
Irrigation  System:

FLOWERS

SCIENTIFIC  NAME/FAMILY:  Portulaca  grandiflora 

Portulacaceae 

(por-tu-la-ka  gran-di-flo-ra)

COMMON  NAME:  Rose  Moss,  Moss  Rose,  Portulaca, 
Sun  Plant
LEAVES:  Prostrate or ascending, with  loose hairs at the 
joints and among the flowers, leaves scattered, terete,  1" 
or  less  long,  mostly  long  and  prominent  beneath  the 
flowers,  very  succulent.
FLOWER:  Flowers 1"  and  more across,  in  bright colors, 
rose,  red, yellow, white, striped; sepals broad, short acute; 
petals obovate,  more  or  less  notched  at the  end.  There 
are singles and doubles.  Flowers close in mid-afternoon.
HABIT:  6"  to  8"  spreading  plant.
SEASON  OF  BLOOM:  Early  summer  to  frost.
CULTURE:  Sun,  hot and dry 
not  grow.

— where  many flowers will

UTILIZATION:  Rock  garden,  ground  cover,  edging.  It  is 
good  for  direct  seeding  in  areas where  perennials  have 
died  down  to  leave  a  void.
PROROGATION:  Seed  germinates  best  at  a  constant 
70°F.  Seeds  can  also  be  sown  directly  where  the  plant 
is  to  grow.
DISEASES  AND  INSECTS:  Usually  none  serious. 
CULTIVARS:

‘Cabaret  Mix’  - Double flowers,  wide color range.  The 

F2  hybrid  is  compact  and  flowers  early.

‘Calypso Mixture’  - Flowers nearly 100% double, wide 

range  of  colors,  F2  hybrid.

A  BETTER  DAY  TO  YOU

from

The  Southern  Kitchen

Waste  no time and  fall  asunder because due to some 

oversight  or  lack  of  knowledge  you  did  blunder.

If you are holding on to some vain regrets from the past, 
you are  making what might  become a costly mistake for 
your  future.

To perpetually live with an “ I shouldn’t have done it or 
been that way in the first place!” complex is only to deny 
yourself  a  mental  release  from  an  error  in  judgement.

We are all at one time or another guilty of some error 

in  judgement.  It  is  what  we  do  with  it  that  counts.

Once you discover your blunder, acknowledge it, avoid 
its  repetition  and  let  go  of  it.  Never  again  afford  it  the 
privilege  of  keeping  your  company.

Just for today I will try to live through this day only, and 
not  tackle  my  whole  life  problem  at  once.  I  can  do 
something for 12 hours that would appal  me if I felt I  had 
to  keep  it  up  for  a  lifetime.

Just for today I will  be happy. This assumes to be true 
what Abraham Lincoln said, that “ Most folks are as hap­
py  as they  make  up  their  minds  to  be.”

Just  for  today  I  will  try  to  strengthen  my  mind.  I  will 
study.  I will learn something useful.  I will not be a mental 
loafer.  I  will  read something that  requires effort,  thought

and  concentration.

Just for today I will adjust myself to what is, and not try 
to  adjust  everything  to  my  own  desires.  I  will  take  my 
“ luck”  as  it  comes,  and  fit  myself to  it.

Just  for today  I  will  exercise  my  soul  in  three  ways:  I 
will  do  somebody  a  good  turn,  and  not  get found  out.  I 
will do at least two things I don’t want to do - just for exer­
cise. I will not show anyone that my feelings are hurt; they 
may  be  hurt,  but  today  I  will  not  show  it.

Just for today I will  be agreeable.  I will  look as well  as 
I can, dress becomingly, talk low, act courteously, criticize 
not one bit,  not find fault with anything and  not try to im­
prove  or  regulate  anybody  except  myself.

Just for today  I  will  have  a  program.  I  may  not follow 
it  exactly,  but  I  will  have  it.  I  will  save  myself  from  two 
pests:  hurry  and  indecision.

Just for today I will have a quiet half hour all by myuself, 
and relax. During this half hour, sometime, I will try to get 
a  better  perspective  of  my  life.

Just for today I will  be unafraid.  Especially I will not be 
afraid  to enjoy what  is beautiful,  and to believe that as  I 
give  to  the  world,  so  the  world  will  give  to  me.

STOCKING THESE FINE PRODUCTS FOR  PRO M PT SERVICE

FU N G ICID ES  

IN S E C T IC ID E S   H E R B IC ID E S   WETTING  AGENTS

<

=

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S PR IN K LIN G  

EQUIPM ENT

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P I P E   & 

F IT T IN G S

WEST MICHIGAN  DISTRIBUTORS OF  M l l o r g a n i t e  FERTILIZER

1042  MICHIGAN  ST,  N.E.  •  GRAND RAPIDS,  MICHIGAN 49503 •  P.O.  BOX 2411

PHONE (616) 458-1546

v 

'  <> •

' fpi" ■

U nderneath some beautifully conditioned, cham^*  ^  

pionship golf courses arejEaountains of trash, the 
scars left by years of garbageTeplaced by a beautiful, in- 

valuable green belt. And, landfill covers are only one way 
today’s professionally managed golf courses are helping 
make our world a better place.

W ho’s in charge of keeping these amazing ecosys­

tems in harmony with nature? Today’s golf course super­
intendents.TheyVepart troubleshooter, part business 
manager, part scientist and all environmentalist— dedi­
cated to making our world a greener place.

Turf  Chemicals  Inc.

1011  E.  Main 
P.O.  Box  451 

Owosso,  Michigan  48867 

(517)  725-7145

★  RUSS  HANCOCK  ★ LOU  BECKMAN  *JIM   HYDE 

★  FRED  MILLER 

★ TED  KASEL

FOR 

ALL OF  YOUR FERTILIZER, 

CHEMICAL  AND  GRASS  SEED  NEEDS

EXPERIENCED,  DEPENDABLE PEOPLE  TO SERVE  YOU

*IK«5*V

WE KEEP GOLF GREEN.  Vfo il
ra/n ^ b/rd Links Master
Flexible.  Powerful.  Affordable.
A  new dimension of irrigation control!

Call Now For Your Special Price!
1- 800 - 347-4272

•  Linking -  permits uninterrupted watering between groups 

and eliminates  the need for cycle time calculations, 
dramatically reducing costly pump cycling.  Syringe starts, 
irrigation starts, or both, may be linked.

•  Stacking -  up  to four irrigation starts and  four syringe 

starts eliminates  the need to calculate cycle lengths.

•  Separate  Syringe Timing - with each group ai.d each 
station having its own syringe  timing provides absolute 
flexibility in setting specific schedules for individual areas.

•  Upgradeable  -  to  a Maxi-Central control system without 

future disruption  to  the golf course.

•  Madison Heights,  MI  •  31691  Dequindre  •  (313) 588-2990
•  Ann Arbor, MI  •  2461 S.  Industrial Hwy.  •  (313)  668-1020
•  Grand Rapids,  M I  •  3400 Jefferson S.E.  •  (616) 452-3373
•  Southfield, MI  •  22159 Telegraph  •  (313) 358-2994

/£ENTURY R a in  A i d !

J.  MOLLEMA & SON, INC.

West Michigan's Only 

Full Service Horticultural Distributor

Mollema's 36th Street Warehouse and Office

The Mollema Turf Team
Kurt Brace, Tom Kline, and Steve Adamczyk

Weekly delivery throughout outstate Michigan and Northern Indiana

J.  MOLLEMA  &  SON,  INC.

WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTOR

Horticultural  and  Turf Supplies 
5400 36TH STREET S.E.

GRAND RAPIDS,  MICHIGAN 49508 

PHONE 616/940-1441

WATS  1-800-234-GROW 

FAX 616-940-0401

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JENNINGS

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Storage  Buildings 
Rest  Rooms 
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call: 1 •800*632*4153

for  a  complete  listing!

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Gold Cup quality for great-looking 
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•Small Homogeneous
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18-4-10 90% Org.
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WESTERN  Vltwo
15784  Pruin  Street 
Spring  Lake,  MI  49456

W - l? 2  
F ° ° k i n g h
E a s t  ,  Ì   b r a r y T u r f g r  
l i .

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PAID 

Permit  #3 
Nunica,  MI