For decades, the proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnetic (S/F) hybrid systems was thought to be very short-ranged, with coherence lengths on the order of a nanometer. That changed in 2003 when Bergeret et al. suggested systems involving s-wave superconductors and ferromagnets with non-collinear magnetizations could generate spin-triplet supercurrent. This was a significant prediction that radically changed the outlook for these systems, with the possibility of bringing the ferromagnetic coherence length up to ranges similar to the normal metal coherence length. With the experimental confirmation of the spin-triplet state in S/F/S Josephson junctions in 2010, the flood-gates opened into a range of interesting studies. We have performed measurements on the magnetic and superconducting properties of the multilayer Ni/[Co/Ni]n. This arrangement of ferromagnetic materials, when grown with thicknesses of 0.4 nm Ni and 0.2 nm Co, demonstrate a magnetization that lies perpendicular to the plane of the films. Because it will, in the virgin state, possess a non-collinear magnetization with ferromagnets which have magnetizations that lie within the plane, it is a convenient multilayer for the generation of spin-triplet supercurrent. Our measurements of S/F'/F/F'/S Josephson junctions, where F' is a hard ferromagnet and F is the Co/Ni multilayer, confirmed the presence of the spin-triplet state, and demonstrated the viability of the Co/Ni multilayer as a triplet generating ferromagnet.We have also performed studies on the characteristics of a number of soft ferromagnetic alloys. These alloys are important for their potential as a soft ferromagnetic switching layer for application in our triplet control devices. To that end, we have created sputtering targets for four different ferromagnetic alloys: Molybdenum-doped Permalloy, Niobium-doped Permalloy, Copper-doped Permalloy, and Palladium Iron. These studies have included: atomic concentration measurements using EDS, magnetic measurements using a commercial MPMS measurement system and GMR, and superconducting studies done by fabricating S/F'/F/F''/S Josephson junctions with F'' the soft ferromagnet of interest.Lastly, we have performed measurements to study the relative phase of two S/F'/F/F''/S Josephson junctions patterned into a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). The phase of the junctions is determined by the relative rotation of the magnetizations through the junction. By applying an external field to the junctions, and utilizing shape anisotropy to control the switching fields, the F'' layer can be switched in a single junction. The switch in the state can be observed by measuring the interference in the current driven through the SQUID, which responds to the relative phase of the two junctions in the loop. These measurements have yielded promising early results for the prospect of controlling the spin-triplet state.
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