African trypanosomiasis is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and most frequently affects the rural poor and their livestock. The financial resources for controlling tsetse fly, the primary vector of the disease, have been reduced since the 1970s. The decrease in funding has partially resulted from the dissatisfaction of donors on the limited benefits from large investment on tsetse control campaign. To analyze the cost-benefit balance of the tsetse control campaigns in Tanzania, this study adopts McCord et al’s (2012) methods to calculate the control costs based on the spatially and temporally constrained fly distributions, termed control reservoirs. The benefit of tsetse fly management is evaluated based on the unevenly distributed population densities in Tanzania. The control activities in tsetse habitats with large population density can maximize the control benefits through the maximum reduction of exposure potential. Therefore, the highly populated areas with frequent presence of the tsetse flies are defined as beneficial control areas (BCAs), which are the places with over 52% tsetse presence and population densities over 1,000 per in this study. The result shows 484 1km*1km BCAs identified in Tanzania with the second-order clustering patterns. This study helps to improve the cost-benefit equation for broad tsetse control campaigns and disease management.
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