"We study the number of Emergency Department (ED) visits during pregnancy for low income women in one county in southwest Michigan. The outcome distribution has a large proportion of zeros. This study examines the association between ED visits during pregnancy and the enhanced prenatal health care programs (Maternal Infant Health Program and Strong Beginning program). These enhanced prenatal health care programs enrolled high-risk women who might use ED more often than those with low-risk pregnancy. Due to self-selection and potential measurement errors in measuring the enrollment in enhanced prenatal health programs, fixed-effects models were used to fit the data. Results show that having enhanced prenatal health care programs helps reducing the expected number of ED visits during pregnancy." -- Abstract.
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